Basic Grammar Archives - ELSA Speak Taiwan

due to: 用法、練習及與 because of 的區別

魚丸 — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 09:33:55 +0000

在英文中，due to 是一個常見的片語，意思是“因為、由於”。然而，許多學習者仍然常常使用錯誤的結構，或混淆 because of 與 due to 的用法。ELSA Speak 將幫助你清楚理解什麼是 due to、如何依照文法正確使用 due to、什麼時候可以放在句首、應該搭配名詞還是 V-ing，以及透過簡單易懂的例子，讓你能立即在實際中運用。

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Key Takeaways

Due to 的結構用來解釋某個行為或事件的理由或原因。
– 意義: Due to 的意思是“因為”或“由於” 。
– 用法:
  + 通常Due to放在名詞或名詞片語前，而不是子句
  + 可以放在句首或句中，意思不變
  + Due to + N / N phrase → 用來表示原因
  + Due to the fact that + S + V → 在需要接子句時使用
+ Be due to + V → 預定的/ 即將發生的 (意義不同於“因為”)
+ Be due to + N → 因為 / 由於

Due to 是什麼？

Due to 中文中有“因為、由於”的意思，用來表示導致某個行動或事件發生的原因或理由。這個片語多半出現在書面語中，當想要簡潔、直接地說明原因時經常使用。

Due to 例句:

Due to bad weather, we couldn’t go camping together. (由於天氣不好，我們無法一起去露營。)
I won’t trust him due to the fact that he once cheated on me. (我不會相信他，因為事實是他曾經欺騙過我。)

>>因為英文的其他英文詞語，點擊看看吧！

Due to 用法

你可能會好奇：due to 用法句首要怎麼用？或是 due to 後面加什麼？讓我們一起跟著 ELSA Speak 來了解，due to 開頭或句中時，如何才符合文法規則吧！

Due to 的結構

Due to 用來解釋某件事情的原因或理由。在英文中，有兩種常見且意義相近的用法結構。

結構 1: Due to 開頭或句中

– Due to + Noun / Noun phrase, S + V
– S + V … due to + Noun / Noun phrase

→ 當 due to 後面接名詞或名詞片語時使用。

例句:

Due to lack of knowledge, James bought fake and poor-quality cosmetics. (由於缺乏了解，James 買到了假冒、品質低劣的化妝品。)
James bought fake cosmetics due to lack of knowledge. (James 因為缺乏了解而買了假冒的化妝品。)

結構 2:

– Due to the fact that + S + V, S + V
– S + V … due to the fact that + S + V

→ 當 due to 後面接一個完整的子句時使用。

例句:

Due to the fact that I was sick, I had to take the day off from work.
I had to take the day off due to the fact that I was sick.

(因為生病了，所以我必須請一整天的假。)

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Be due to 的結構

與表示 “因為、由於”的 due to 不同，be due to 具有完全不同的意思，通常用來表示計畫、打算，或即將在不久的將來發生的事情。

結構 1: 用來表示計畫、打算或即將發生的事情

S + be + due to + V

例句:

The engagement ceremony is due to take place soon. (訂婚儀式預計將很快舉行。)
He is due to quit his job next month. (他計畫在下個月辭職。)

結構 2: 仍然表示“因為／由於”的意思

– S + be + due to + N / N phrase
– S + be + due to + the fact that + S + V

例句:

His failure was due to his carelessness. (他的失敗是由於粗心大意。)
Her late arrival is due to the fact that the train arrived late. (她遲到是因為火車晚點。)

>>閲讀相關：

due to because of 差異

一起來了解 because of due to 用法，避免在溝通中使用錯誤吧！

	Due to	Because of
意義	因為、由於	因為、由於
功能	強調導致結果的原因	表達一般性的原因
色彩	常用於結果較為負面 / 不理想的情況	適用於所有情況（正面與負面）
後接詞類	名詞／名詞片語	名詞／名詞片語
使用程度	較正式，多見於書面語	較常用，口語靈活使用

Due to 同義詞

單字／片語	意思	例句
because of	因為、由於	The match was canceled because of the rain. (比賽因為下雨而取消。)
owing to	由於、因為	The delay was owing to technical issues. (延誤是由於技術故障。)
as a result of	作為……的結果	The accident occurred as a result of carelessness. (事故的發生是因為疏忽大意。)
thanks to	多虧	She succeeded thanks to her hard work. (她因為勤奮而獲得成功。)
on account of	因為、由於	The flight was delayed on account of fog. (航班因為大霧而延誤。)
resulting from	源自於	Problems resulting from poor planning. (問題源自於不良的規劃。)
caused by	由……造成	The damage was caused by the storm. (損失是由暴風雨造成的。)
stem from	起源於	His success stems from years of practice. (他的成功源自於多年的訓練。)
attributable to	可歸因於	The growth is attributable to new policies. (成長可以歸因於新的政策。)

練習英文詞彙發音

due to 練習題

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練習

練習 1: 選擇正確答案

_____ the fog, the boat arrived late. (Due / Because of / Because)
The improvement was _____ a higher level of gold treated during the period. (Due to/ Because of/ In view of)
His car troubles are ______ a problem with the alternator. (Due to/ Owing to/ In account of)
_____ the law in Ireland, they had to work out a way of getting her over to Britain. (Due/ Because)
Minh missed her light _____ to a traffic hold – up. (Due/ Because/ Owing to)

練習 2: 在不改變句意的情況下改寫句子

I couldn’t hear what she said. It’s too noisy here.
My brother lost his phone today. He is unable to contact his family.
My father is having a meeting with his company. He can’t have dinner with my family.
It rained heavily. I’m 1 hour late for work.
Bring your umbrella. It will rain tonight.

答案

練習 1:

Because of
Due to
Due to
Because of
Due

練習 2:

I couldn’t hear what she said because It’s too noisy here.
Due to the fact that my brother lost his phone today, he is unable to contact his family.
Because my father is having a meeting with his company, he can’t have dinner with my family.
Due to heavy rainy, I’m 1 hour late for work
Bring your umbrella due to the fact that It will rain tonight

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>>常見英語文法結構：

總結來說，due to 用來表示原因，通常接在動詞 to be 之後，其後應接名詞或名詞片語，而不是完整的子句。歡迎到 ELSA Speak 了解更多實用的英語文法文章，讓你每天都能學到更多新知識！

The post due to: 用法、練習及與 because of 的區別 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions): 最常見從屬連接詞總整理與詳細用法說明

魚丸 — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 10:20:38 +0000

從屬連接詞是重要的語法成分，用來連接子句並表達時間、原因或條件等關係。像 as、when、because、if、that、whether 等詞彙出現頻率極高，但也容易引起混淆。本文將搭配 ELSA Speak，以最淺顯易懂的方式彙整從屬連接詞用法。

Key Takeaways

從屬連接詞 (subordinating conjunctions) 是用來將一個從屬子句 (dependent clause) 與主句 (main clause) 連接起來的詞或片語，常見於複合句中。

功能與用法連接子句: 通常位於從屬子句的開頭，使該子句依附於主句。補充語意: 建立兩個子句之間的邏輯關係（如時間、原因、條件等）。

常見的從屬連接詞類型：
– 時間: After, before, when, while, since, until, as soon as （在……之後、在……之前、當……時、同時、自從……以來、直到……、一……就……）。
– 原因／理由: Because, since, as (因為、由於)。
– 條件: If, unless, provided (that), as long as (如果、除非、只要)。
– 讓步: Although, though, even though (雖然)。
– 地點: Where, wherever (在……的地方、無論在哪裡)。
– 目的: So that, in order that (為了)。

句中位置: 從屬子句可以位於主句之前或之後，但從屬連接詞一定與從屬子句一起出現。

從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions) 是什麼?

從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions) 是用來連接從屬子句與主句的詞語，使句子中形成含有從屬連接詞子句。這是複合句中的重要組成部分，因為從屬子句不能單獨存在，必須依附於主句才能表達完整的意思。

這類連接詞常用於從屬連接詞副詞子句中，用來表達兩個動作之間的時間、條件、原因、目的、比較、對立等關係。此外，在將子句加以省略或簡化，使句子更加精煉時，也經常出現在從屬連接詞分詞構句，使語句自然流暢，同時保持語意清楚。

由於有了從屬連接詞，文章表達更為連貫，語義關係也更加精確。

例句:

I will call you when I get home. (我回到家時會打電話給你。)
I will go to the beach if the weather is nice. (如果天氣好，我會去海邊。)

>>閲讀更多：2025 年最標準英語發音規則全集

從屬連接詞整理

從屬連接詞英文常見可分為 8 種主要類型，包括:

表示時間的從屬連接詞: when, while, until, before, after, now that, once, as soon as
表示地點的從屬連接詞: where, wherever
表示目的的從屬連接詞: so that, in order that, for the purpose of
表示比較的從屬連接詞: than, rather than, whether
表示條件的從屬連接詞: if, even if, only if, unless, provided that, in case, assuming that
表示對立的從屬連接詞: though, even though, although
表示原因的從屬連接詞: because, as, since
表示狀態的從屬連接詞: how, as if, as though

從屬連接詞用法

表示時間的從屬連接詞

表示時間的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，以表達時間關係，常見的連接詞包括 when、while、until、before、after、now that、once、as soon as。它們能幫助讀者或聽者判斷動作發生的時間點。

連接詞	意義	例句
when	當……時	I always read a book when I’m on the train. (我在搭火車時總是看書。)
while	在……期間	She listened to music while she was cooking dinner. (她一邊做晚餐，一邊聽音樂。)
until	直到……為止	I’ll wait here until you finish your meeting. (我會在這裡等，直到你開完會。)
before	在……之前	Please check your work before you submit it. (在交作業之前，請檢查你的工作。)
after	在……之後	We went for a walk in the park after the rain stopped. (雨停之後，我們在公園裡散步。)
now that	既然／現在……	Now that she has a job, she can afford to travel. (既然她現在有工作了，她就有能力去旅行。)
once	一旦……	Once you press the button, the machine will start. (你一按下按鈕，機器就會啟動。)
as soon as	一……就……	I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. (我一到機場就會打電話給你。)

>>閲讀更多：名詞子句是什麼？結構、用法、例子及附答案的練習題

表示地點的從屬連接詞

表示地點的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，描述動作發生的地點或空間。藉由這類連接詞，句子能清楚表達事情發生的場所或相關的空間範圍。

常見連接詞如下: where, wherever.

連接詞	意義	例句
where	……的地方	This is the restaurant where we had our first date. (這是我們第一次約會的那家餐廳。)
wherever	無論在哪裡	You can sit wherever you like in the theater. (在電影院裡，你可以坐在任何你想坐的地方。)

表示比較的從屬連接詞

表示比較的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句或兩種選擇，以表達較高、較低，或取代的關係。這類連接詞用來說明說話者正在比較兩個對象，或偏好其中一個選項勝於另一個。

常見連接詞如下: than, rather than.

連接詞	意義	例句
than	比……更	He is taller than his sister. (他比他的妹妹高。)
rather than	而不是	He decided to buy a used car rather than a new one. (他為了省錢，決定買二手車而不是新車。)

表示條件的從屬連接詞

表示條件的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，說明某個動作發生所需的條件或必要情境。這類連接詞常出現在從屬連接詞子句中，使句子表達更自然、語意更清楚。

常見連接詞如下: if, only if, even if, unless, provided that, in case, assuming that.

連接詞	意義	意義
if	如果	I will go to the park if the weather is nice. (如果天氣好，我會去公園。)
only if	只有在……時	You can enter the contest only if you are over 18 years old. (只有你滿 18 歲，才能參加比賽。)
even if	即使	I will help you with your homework even if it takes all night. (即使要花一整晚，我也會幫你做作業。)
unless	除非／否則	You won’t get a discount unless you show your membership card. (除非你出示會員卡，否則無法享有折扣。)
provided that	只要	You can use my computer provided that you don’t download unauthorized software. (只要不下載非法軟體，你就可以使用電腦。)
in case	萬一	I brought an extra umbrella in case it rains. (我隨身帶著雨傘，以防下雨。)
assuming that	假如／假設	I will attend the meeting assuming that it doesn’t conflict with my schedule. (如果時間不衝突，我會參加會議。)

>>相關内容：If 用法，概念，結構與練習：一、二、三，混合

表示對立的從屬連接詞

表示對立的從屬連接詞用來連接意義相反的兩個子句，表達對比關係，相當於雖然、即使、儘管等意思。

常見連接詞如下: though, even though, although.

連接詞	意義	例句
though	雖然	He always makes time for his family though he’s very busy. (雖然他非常忙碌，仍然總是抽時間陪伴家人。)
even though	即使	Even though it was late, Jane continued working on her project. (即使已經很晚了，Jane 仍然繼續進行專案。)
although	雖然	She went to the party although she didn’t know many people there. (她去參加派對，儘管在那裡認識的人不多。)

>>相關用法：although 用法：詳細解釋、例句與應用練習

表示原因的從屬連接詞

表示原因的從屬連接詞用來說明某個行為或事件發生的原因，幫助讀者理解事情為什麼會發生。

常見連接詞如下: because, since, as.

連接詞	意義	例句
because	因為	Jane stayed home because she wasn’t feeling well. (Jane 待在家裡，因為她覺得身體不太舒服。)
since	因為	I’ve been studying all day since I have an exam tomorrow. (我整天都在讀書，因為明天有考試。)
as	因為	He can’t come to the party as he has to work late. (他無法參加派對，因為他必須加班。)

表示狀態的從屬連接詞

表示狀態的從屬連接詞用來描述動作發生時的狀態、感受或方式，使句子在表達像是、看起來好像、以某種方式發生時更加自然流暢。

常見連接詞如下: how, as if, as though.

連接詞	意義	例句
how	如何	She talks to her plants how they can understand her. (她和樹說話，彷彿它們能聽懂她的話。)
as if	彷彿	She looks as if she hasn’t slept in days. (她看起來好像已經好幾天沒睡覺了。)
as though	好像	He acted as though he had never met her before. (他的行為就好像以前從未見過她一樣。)

使用從屬連接詞時的注意事項

逗號使用規則

規則一: 當從屬連接詞位於主句之後時，不需使用逗號。

錯誤例句: She will receive an award, if she makes a medical breakthrough.
正確例句: She will receive an award if she makes a medical breakthrough.

規則二: 當從屬連接詞置於句首時，必須在從屬子句後加上逗號。

錯誤例句: If she finishes her research successfully she will receive a bonus.
正確例句: If she finishes her research successfully, she will receive a bonus.

選擇正確的從屬連接詞

選錯連接詞會使句子語意不通或表達錯誤。

錯誤例句: I will go to the store unless I have time.

(錯誤原因：”unless” 表示 “除非”，語意不適合。)

正確例句:

I won’t go to the store unless I have time.
(或) I will go to the store if I have time.

避免在同一句中使用兩個連接詞

不要將 “because…so” 或 “although…but” 這是從中文直譯過來的常見錯誤。

錯誤: Because I was sick, so I didn’t go to the party.
正確: Because I was sick, I didn’t go to the party.
錯誤: Although it rained hard, but I still went to school.
正確: Although it rained hard, I still went to school.

確保句子包含主句與從屬子句

從屬子句必須包含:連接詞 + 主語 + 動詞，不能單獨成句。

錯誤: Because I hate you.
正確: I don’t want to see you because I hate you.
(或) Because I hate you, I don’t want to see you.

從屬連接詞時態使用正確

錯誤: I went to the store if I have time. (兩個子句的時態不一致。)
正確: I will go to the store if I have time.

快速說明: If + 現在簡單式 → 主句使用未來簡單式

>>相關内容：

從屬連接詞與關係代名詞的區別

	從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions)	關係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns)
功能	連接從屬子句與主句，表達時間、條件、原因、對立、目的等關係	將關係子句與前面的名詞連接起來，用於描述或限定該名詞
形成的子句	副詞子句 (Adverbial clause)	關係子句 (Relative clause)
常見詞彙	because, although, if, when, while, before, after, unless, since, as…	who, whom, whose, which, that
從屬句中的角色	不擔任主語或受詞，只起連接作用	可在關係子句中擔任主語或受詞
是否可以省略?	可以（副詞子句可簡化為 V-ing 或過去分詞）	可以（關係子句可簡化為 V-ing 或 V-ed）
例句	I stayed home because it rained.	The girl who is standing there is my sister.

從屬連接詞練習（附答案）

練習

練習 1: 從以下四個選項中選出正確答案

1. You should always check your oil, water and tyres _____ taking your car on a long trip.

A. when

B. where

C. before

D. unless

2. I didn’t tell her that he was late _____ I didn’t want to cause her any alarm.

A. until

B. after

C. before

D. because

3. Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals _____ they are under the supervision of a teacher.

A. unless

B. than

C. though

D. while

4. I am studying hard _____ I can pass the exam.

A. when

B. only if

C. how

D. so that

5. The fast train to London takes less _____ an hour.

A. than

B. even though

C. unless

D. as if

6. We do not know exactly _____ life first began.

A. how

B. if

C. because

D. though

7. He blurted everything out about the baby, _____ we’d agreed to keep it a secret for a while.

A. though

B. even if

C. as

D. since

8. I’ve been meaning to ask you _____ you get your hair cut.

A. when

B. where

C. until

D. so that

9. You can borrow my car _____ you promise to drive carefully.

A. although

B. in order that

C. as soon as

D. unless

10. He left the party _____ the cake was served.

A. where

B. as

C. since

D. before

練習 2: 填入適當的詞語於空格中

She lived in Rome for a couple of years, _____ she taught English.
You make wine by leaving grape juice to ferment _____ all the sugar has turned to alcohol.
It was farther to the shops _____ I expected.
I have the greatest respect for his ideas, _____ I don’t agree with them.
We can’t go to Julia’s party _____ we’re going away that weekend.
They arrived early _____ they could secure good seats at the concert.
I’ll pay you double _____ you get the work finished by Friday.
I don’t care about fashion, I dress _____ I please.

答案

練習 1:

題目	1	2	3	4	5
答案	C	D	A	D	A
題目	6	7	8	9	10
答案	A	A	B	D	D

練習 2:

題目	1	2	3	4
答案	where	until	than	although
題目	5	6	7	8
答案	because	in order that	if	how

>>閲讀更多有趣文章：

希望本文能幫助你更清楚地了解從屬連接詞、其用法，以及如何與並列連接詞加以區分。當你熟練掌握從屬連接詞整理後，寫英文句子將會更加自然且精準。歡迎到 ELSA Speak 網站探索更多有趣的英語文法文章！

The post 從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions): 最常見從屬連接詞總整理與詳細用法說明 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

英文文法最完整合集：自學與掌握時態的指南

魚丸 — Tue, 02 Dec 2025 16:52:55 +0000

英文文法是幫助你正確溝通和寫作的重要基礎。但是，由於文法涉及眾多主題，學習起來可能會讓人感到困惑。 ELSA Speak 將幫助你從基礎到高級掌握英文文法，易於理解，易於應用。

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基礎英文文法的重要性

你通常會通過聽、說、讀、寫這四項基本技能接觸英語。英文文法可以被視為你運用這四項技能的基礎。

英文文法是指將句子依照正確的順序排列，使詞語和成分之間具有正確的關係和和諧性的方法。。文法規則幫助你建立完整、正確的句子，從而準確、適當地傳達訊息。

英文文法是一套與語言要素相關的規則，例如詞彙、片語、子句、句子和段落。隨著時間的推移和實際應用，英語語法或多或少地進行了調整，以便更好地服務生活。

ELSA Pro Lifetime 專屬特權

英文文法總整理：十二種基本英文時態

一共有12種英文時態，這些時態表示動作發生在過去、現在或未來。每種時態都有其獨特的識別標識和對應的句子結構。快來學習英文文法時態吧！

英文時態：現在式

表示現在時間的時態有四種：一般現在式、現在完成式、現在進行式、現在完成進行式。

現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense)	現在進行式 (Present Continuous Tense)	現在完成式 (Present Perfect Tense)	現在完成進行式 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
表達顯而易見的事實、習慣、重複的行為和即時的決定。	描述說話時正在發生或即將發生的動作。	描述一項始於過去並延續到現在的行為，或結果對現在產生影響的行為。	描述一項始於過去、延續到現在、並可能在未來發生的行為。
(+) S + V(s/es) + O	(+) S + am/is/are + Ving + O	(+) S + have/has + P2 + O	(+) S + have/has + been + Ving + O
(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V + O	(-) S + am/is/are + not + Ving + O	(-) S + have/has + not + P2 + O	(-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving + O
(?) Do/Does + V + O?	(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving + O?	(?) Have/has + S + P2 + O?	(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving + O?
always, often, usually, sometimes, never	now, at the moment, today	already, yet, just, ever, never	since, for

>>有趣内容：Have been 用法：完整公式、例句與用法區別

英文時態：過去式

表示過去時間的時態有四種：一般過去式、過去完成式、過去進行式、過去完成進行式。

過去簡單式 (Past Simple Tense)	過去進行式 (Past Continuous Tense)	過去完成式 (Past Perfect Tense)	過去完成進行式 (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
描述過去某個時間發生並結束的動作。	描述過去某個特定時間正在發生的動作，或描述中斷的動作。	描述過去發生並結束於另一個動作之前的動作。	描述過去某個動作發生之前的一個動作。
(+) S + V2/Ved + O	(+) S + was/were + Ving + O	(+) S + had + P2 + O	(+) S + had + been + Ving + O
(-) S + didn’t + V + O	(-) S + was/were + not + Ving + O	(-) S + had + not + P2 + O	(-) S + had + not + been + Ving + O
(?) Did + S + V + O?	(?) Was/were + S + Ving + O?	(?) Had + S + P2 + O?	(?) Had + S + been + Ving + O?
ago, yesterday, last week, last night, in (2000)	while, when, at that time, at 8 pm yesterday	since, for, before	since, for

>>有趣知識：過去分詞 (Past Participle): 總結表、用法、與過去式的區分

英文時態：未來式

英語共有5種時態，分別對應5種表達未來時間點的方式，包括：一般將來式、將來完成式、將來進行式和將來完成進行式。

時態	用途	句型	常見時間副詞
未來簡單式 (Future Simple Tense)	用來表達說話當下臨時決定的計畫、承諾、意圖、建議。	(+) S + will/shall + V + O (-) S + will/shall not + V + O (?) Will/Shall + S + V + O?	tomorrow, next week, in a year, soon
近未來式 (Near Future Tense)	描述事先已制定好的計畫或決定；也可用於根據現有證據做出的預測。	(+) S + be going to + V + O (-) S + be not going to + V + O (?) Be + S + going to + V + O?	in + 時間段（in 30 minutes）, tomorrow
未來進行式 (Future Continuous Tense)	描述預期在未來某一特定時間點正在進行的動作。	(+) S + will be V-ing + O (-) S + will not be V-ing + O (?) Will + S + be V-ing + O?	this time tomorrow, at 7 PM next week
未來完成式 (Future Perfect Tense)	表示在未來某個特定時間點之前就會完成的動作。	(+) S + will have + P.P. + O (-) S + will not have + P.P. + O (?) Will + S + have + P.P. + O?	by the end of + month/week/year
未來完成進行式 (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)	描述從過去開始並持續到未來某一時間點的動作，強調「持續的時間長度」。	(+) S + will have been V-ing + O (-) S + will not have been V-ing + O (?) Will + S + have been V-ing + O?	by the end of + day/week/month

英文文法總整理：詞類概述

句子中的詞類顯示了英語中具體詞組的語法功能。每個詞類在句子中都有其對應的功能和位置，而且通常並不相同。你需要掌握的8個基本英文詞性是：名詞、動詞、形容詞、代名詞、副詞…

>>你應該在找：冠詞 a、an、the 是什麼？初學者如何輕鬆地掌握冠詞用法？

英文詞性：代名詞

英語中的代名詞 (Pronoun)是可以在句子中代替名詞的詞，避免使用代詞。你需要了解的最基本的英語代詞類型包括：人稱代名詞 (Personal pronouns)、所有格代名詞 (Possessive pronoun)、關係代名詞 (relative pronouns)和疑問代名詞 (interrogative pronouns)。

類別	定義	代詞清單
人稱代名詞	代替名詞，可作為主詞或受詞使用。	主格：I, you, we, they, he, she, it 受格：me, you, us, them, him, her, it
所有格代詞	取代「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」的完整片語。	mine, hers, his, theirs, ours, its
關係代名詞	用來連接關係子句與主要子句。	who, whose, whom, which, that
疑問代名詞	用於提出問題，代表問題所指向的對象。	what, whom, whose, which, who

練習英文詞彙發音

英文詞性：名詞

名詞 – Noun 用於指事物、事件和人物。名詞在句子中可以作主詞、受詞等不同位置。英文中有很多種名詞，例如：普通名詞、專有名詞、複合名詞、集合名詞、抽象名詞等等。

名詞類型	意思	例子
普通名詞和專有名詞	– 普通名詞泛指事物、人物和地點。 – 專有名詞泛指特定名稱，且首字母必須大寫。	– 普通名詞: tree, shirt, road, chicken – 專有名詞: Lisa, John, Eiffel Tower, London, Paris
具體名詞和抽象名詞	– 具體名詞是通過感官可以感知的物體。 – 抽象名詞指的是無法直接感受到的概念和情感。	– 具體名詞: sugar, pen, book, TV – 抽象名詞: happiness, sorrow, pain
可數名詞和不可數名詞	– 可數名詞是具有單數和複數形式的可數名詞。– 不可數名詞沒有複數形式。	– 可數名詞: apples, pens, books – 不可數名詞: feeling, tear, hope
複合名詞	是由兩個或多個名詞組合而成的新名詞。	toothpaste (牙膏), classroom (教師)

英文詞性：形容詞

形容詞是用來描述其所指涉的事物或現象名詞屬性的詞。形容詞通常位於句子中名詞之前，修飾該名詞。

例子: Katty is a beautiful girl. (凱蒂是個漂亮的女孩。)

→ “beautiful – 漂亮” 用來描述人類名詞 “Katty”.

→ beautiful 位於名詞 girl 之前, 修飾 girl

形容詞類型	意思	例子
所有格形容詞	表示某人/某物對後面名詞的擁有權。	I → my; You → your; We → our; They → their; He → his; She → her; It → its
以 -ing / -ed 結尾的形容詞	– -ed: 描述受影響的人/物的情緒。- -ing: 描述其情感影響。	– I am bored. (感覺)- The film is boring. (令人沮喪的影響)
描述性形容詞	描述事物的性質、特點和外觀。	tall, blue, expensive, soft, wooden,… 排序: Opinion → Size → Age → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose (O-P-S-A-C-O-M-P) 例子: a beautiful (opinion) small (size) old (age) French (origin) wooden (material) dining (purpose) table

英文詞性：動詞

動詞是句子中表示主語動作、狀態或情況的詞或詞組。動詞可以說是句子中最基本的組成。動詞位於主詞之後、頻率副詞之後、受詞之前。

例子: My brother often eats apples for breakfast.

→ 這句話中的動詞“eat”位於主詞“my brother”和頻率副詞“often”之後，位於賓語“apples”之前。

動詞類型	主要意義	例子
規則動詞	這是一個常用動詞，遵循時態規則。	play, love, cook…
不規則動詞	不遵循時態規則，需要把每種形式都牢記在心。	go → went → gone have → had → had
情態動詞	與動詞不定式 V 結合使用，可以表示能力、許可、建議…	can, could, must, should, may,…
To be & 助動詞	利用時態來構成否定句、疑問句或強調句。	be (am/is/are/was/were)do/does/did, have/has/had
片語動詞(Phrasal verbs)	作為動詞，當與介詞或副詞連用時，它往往會獲得新的意義。	look after, give up, turn on…
不及物動詞和及物動詞	– 不及物動詞：不需要受詞 – 及物動詞：需要受詞跟在後面	– He arrived early. – She buys books.

>>相關内容：

此處持續更新折扣碼

英文詞性：副詞

英語中的副詞 (Adverb) 是用來補充說明其他詞語的性質、特點和語境的詞語。副詞描述動作發生的方式、地點、時間、方法和程度。

副詞類型	主要意義	例子
地點副詞	描述動作發生的地點或描述位置、距離。	here, there, inside, outside, anywhere…→ He lives there.
程度副詞	從低到高描述行動/情緒的程度。	very, quite, fully, little, hardly…→ She fully understands the lesson.
時間副詞	決定動作何時發生。	now, yesterday, already, lately, soon…→ I met her yesterday.
方式副詞	描述動作是如何發生的（通常以 -ly 結尾）。	quickly, slowly, happily…→ He runs quickly.
頻率副詞	描述動作發生的頻率。	always, often, rarely, never…→ She always gets up early.

英文詞性：量詞

量詞是表示數量的詞，放在名詞前面修飾名詞。英語中的量詞可以與可數名詞或不可數名詞搭配使用。有些量詞既可以與可數名詞搭配使用，也可以與不可數名詞搭配使用。

量詞	配用于	主要意思	例子
Few	可數名詞複數	很少，幾乎沒有（負面意思）	Few people came to the party.
A few	可數名詞複數	幾個，足夠了（略帶肯定）	A few apples are on the table.
Little	不可數名詞	很少，幾乎沒有（否定）	There’s little water left.
A little	不可數名詞	一點點，夠用	I have a little money with me.
Some	可數名詞（複數）或不可數名詞	一些/一點（用於肯定句）	I have some books. Some water is left.
Any	可數名詞（複數）或不可數名詞	任何/一些（否定式，疑問式）	Do you have any sugar? I don’t know any.
Many	可數名詞複數	很多（否定句和疑問句）	How many books do you have?
Much	不可數名詞	很多（否定句和疑問句）	I don’t have much time.

英文詞性：介詞

介詞是構成句子的重要組成部分之一。介詞表示句子中提及的人和事物之間的關係。介詞可以連接動詞和名詞、主語和受詞或其他成分。

介詞可以完全決定整個句子的意思。根據意義的不同，介詞可以分為以下幾種類型：表示位置的介詞、表示時間的介詞和表示方向的介詞。

	位置介詞	時間介詞	表示方向的介詞
常用介詞	in, on, at, under, above, next to, behind, between, inside, outside	in, on, at, before, after, during, since, until	to, from, into, out of, up, down, across, along, toward(s), through
功能	描述空間中的位置/地點	確定該行為發生的時間或時間段。	描述移動方向或目的地
例子	– The book is on the table. – The cat is under the chair.	– I was born in 2000. – We’ll meet at 5 p.m.	– He walked to the park. – They ran across the road.

英文詞性：連接詞

英語中的連接詞用於連接短語、句子或段落。連詞在日常溝通和書面表達中都非常常用。連接詞的主要類型包括：從屬連接詞、並列連接詞和相關連接詞。

	從屬連接詞	並列連接詞	相關連接詞
功能	將從句與主句連結起來	連接等效單位（單字、片語、子句）	將兩個等效組件配對。
常用連接詞範例	because, since, although, if, before, after, as long as,…	for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)	either – or, neither – nor, both – and, not only – but also
例句	– I went home because it was late. – If it rains, we’ll stay in.	– She is smart and kind. – You can stay or go.	– Either you study, or you fail. – Both Tom and Jerry are here.

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英文文法總整理：常見句子結構

學完英語中所有的詞類之後，我們繼續學習句子結構以及如何構成完整的句子。這些是學習英語時必須掌握的最基本的句子結構！

比較句 – Comparison Sentences

比較句 – Comparison Sentences 是一種用於根據某種特定標準或面向比較兩個或多個事物、事件或人物的句式結構。英語中有三種比較形式：平等比較、優劣比較和最高級比較。

平等比較	優劣比較	最高級比較
兩個物體在某一方面是相等的	一個物體在某一方面優於另一個物體。	組內有一位傑出受試者（≥ 3 位受試者）
S + V + as + Adj/Adv + as + O	簡短形容詞/副詞：S + V + Adj/Adv + -er + than + O	簡短形容詞/副詞：S + V + the + Adj/Adv + -est
	長形容詞/副詞：S + V + more + Adj/Adv + than + O	長形容詞/副詞：S + V + the most + Adj/Adv
She is as tall as her brother.	– They run faster than us. – This book is more interesting than that one.	– He is the fastest runner in the team. – She is the most beautiful girl here.

條件句 – Conditional Sentences

英語中的條件句表達的是，如果某個提出的條件成立，則某個事件也可能發生。以“if”開頭的條件句最為常用。一個條件句包含兩個子句：包含 IF的條件子句和結果子句。

條件句類型	公式	功能
第零類條件句	If + S + V, S + V	表達生活中顯而易見的事實或永遠正確額真理。
第一類條件句	If + S + V, S + will + V	表達當前可能發生的事件及其未來結果。
第二類條件句	If + S + V-ed, S + would + V	表達當前不真實的事件和假設的結果。
第三類條件句	If + S + had + P2, S + would + have + P2	表達過去不真實的事件和假設的結果。
混合條件句	If + S + had + P2, S + would + V （或第二類和第三類的組合）	表達過去不真實的事件和現在不真實的結果。

例子:

條件句類型	例子
第零類條件句	If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
第一類條件句	If it rains, I will stay at home.
第二類條件句	If I were a bird, I would fly.
第三類條件句	If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
混合條件句	If I had gone to bed earlier, I would not be so tired now.

>>閲讀相關：If 用法，概念，結構與練習：一、二、三，混合

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wish願望句

wish願望句表達說話者對某件事的渴望或夢想。這件事可能發生在過去、現在或將來，也可能尚未發生。根據時間的不同，句式結構也會有所不同。

願望類型	現在願望句	未來願望句	過去願望句
公式	S1 + wish(es) + S2 + V_ed	S1 + wish(es) + S2 + would/could + V	S1 + wish(es) + S2 + had + P2
功能	表達對目前並不存在的事物的願望。	表達對未來不可能發生的事情的願望。	表示對過去未發生的事表示遺憾。
例子	I wish I knew the answer.	She wishes he would call her.	They wish they had studied harder.

主動/被動句

被動句是指句子的主詞是受詞，而受詞是另一個人或物動作的承受者。被動句根據時態有其自身的結構，並遵循對應的動詞變化規則。

將主動句轉換為被動句的 4 個具體步驟：

步驟 1: 找出句子中的受詞（O），並將其移到句子的開頭作為主詞（S）。

步驟 2: 觀察主要動詞（V），確定句子的時態。

步驟 3: 根據原句的時態，將動詞轉換為被動語態“tobe + p.p”。

步驟 4: 將主動句中的主詞 (S) 改為受詞 (O)，將其移到句末，並在前面加上 “by” 。

句子類型	公式	功能
主動句	S + V + O	描述主語對受詞執行的動作。
被動句	S + be + V-ed/P2 + by O	描述對主語執行的動作，強調動作的接受者。
主動疑問句	Be + S + V-ed/P2 + O?	詢問主語對受詞所執行的動作。
被動疑問句	Be + S + V-ed/P2 + by O?	對主語所採取的行動提出問題，强調行動的接受者。

例子:

句子類型	例子
主动句	I gave her a book.
被动句	A book was given to her (by me).
主动疑问句	Has she repaired his bike for hours?
被动疑问句	Has the bike been repaired for hours by her?

假設句

假設句用於說話者希望某人做某事，或用於表示該行為不確定發生的情況，通常用於請求、許可、幫助或建議的句子。

大概結構:

S + V (請求，願望) + that + S + (should) + V (不定式)

例子:

I suggest that he go to the doctor. (我建議他去看醫生。)
She asked that I be on time. (她要求我準時到達。)
It is important that you finish the project by tomorrow. (重要的是你務必在明天之前完成這個專案。)
I wish that she were here. (我希望她在這裡。)

注意事項: 在假設的句子中，S + (should) + V (不定式) 部分的動詞不會根據時態進行變位，通常以不定式形式出現。

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祈使句

祈使句用來要求某人做某事，它可以是命令、請求、建議或意見。祈使句通常沒有主語，通常以句號或感嘆號（!）結尾。

例子:

Close the door! (把門關上!)
Please be quiet. (請安靜。)
Don’t forget to call me. (別忘了打電話給我。)
Take out the trash. (把垃圾倒掉。)
Sit down, please. (請坐下。)

注意事項:

祈使句不使用直接主語，而是使用動詞原形（V不定詞）
在祈使句中可以加入”please” 以使語氣更柔和、更有禮貌。

直接引語，間接引語

間接引語是對他人所說的話的轉述。間接引語通常放在“that”之後，而不是用引號括起來。

將直接引語句子轉換為間接引語句子的主要步驟如下：

時態必須顛倒（如果陳述動詞是過去式）。
改變人稱代名詞、時間和地點。
改變地點和時間副詞。(today → that day; tomorrow → the next day; here → there)

	直接引語 (Direct Speech)	間接引語(Reported/Indirect Speech)
用法	用於逐字引用某人的原話。包含引號。 “…”.	用於複述他人所說的主要觀點。通常情況下，在”that”之後不使用引號。
結構	S + say/tell + “…”	S + said/told + (that) + 子句
例子	He said: “I will go tomorrow.”	He said (that) he would go the next day.
記憶點	x	– 時態必須顛倒（如果陳述動詞是過去式）。 – 改變人稱代名詞、時間和地點。
顛倒	無需顛倒	例子: 一般現在式 → 一般過去式 “I eat” → He said he ate.
改變人稱代名詞	保留原代名詞。	“I” → “he/she”, “you” → “I/he/she” 根據語境而定
改變副詞	today → that day tomorrow → the next day here → there	根據時態和語境而變化。

英語中的關係子句

關係子句用於更清楚地解釋其前面的名詞。這個名詞在前面的另一個子句中被提及。關係子句由關係代名詞和關係副詞構成： whom, who, whose, which, where, when, that, why.

	用法	結構	例子
限定性關係子句	用於指明所談論的人/物。不加逗號。	Noun + who/which/that/where/whose + 子句	The book that is on the table is mine.
非限定性關係子句	與定名詞（通常是專有名詞）連用。在添加補充資訊時，請用逗號隔開。	Noun, who/which/where/…, 子句	My father, who is 60 years old, still plays tennis.
簡化關係子句	減少限定性或非限定性關係子句。根據不同語境，用 V-ing 或者 V3/P2。	– Noun + V-ing (主動) – Noun + V3/P2 (被動)	– The man standing at the door is my uncle. – The book written by her is famous.
名詞子句	用作句子中的主語、受詞或補語。以that, if, whether, what, why, how, who,…開頭	S + V + that/if/what/… + mệnh đề	I don’t know what she wants. What he said is true.

>>更多内容：

關於問題類型的基礎英文文法

英文中的疑問句- Interrogative Sentences 是用來詢問有關人、物或事件資訊的句子。疑問句以問號“?”結尾，說話時語調通常在句末上揚。

英語中的疑問詞用於提問。根據問題的具體內容或所提到的人/物/事，我們會使用不同的疑問詞，例如：who, what, why, when, where, how,…

問題類型	用法	結構	例子
使用疑問詞的提問	用於詢問人、事、原因、時間、地點和方法，。。。	Wh-word + 助動詞 + S + V + …?	– What do you like? (你喜歡什麼？) – Where does she live? (她住*在哪裡*？)
Yes/No question 的提問	詢問以得到 “Yes” 或者 “No”的答案	助動詞 + S + V + …?	– Do you play football? (你踢足球嗎?) – Has he arrived? (他到了嗎？)
多項選擇題	請從兩個或多個選項中選擇的提問	Wh-word (若有) + 助動詞 + S + V + A or B?	– Do you want tea or coffee? (你想喝茶還是咖啡？) – Who is taller, Anna or Lisa? (安娜和麗莎誰更高？)
附加問句	確認訊息，並期望聽者同意。	主句，助動詞 (+ not) + S?	– You are a student, aren’t you? (你是學生，對吧？) – She didn’t go, did she? (她沒去，對吧？)

>>閲讀相關：

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基礎英文文法結構

enough 用法

	形容詞 + enough	enough +名詞
結構	S + V + adj + enough + (for sb) + to V	S + to be + enough + N + (for sb) + to V
意思	描述夠。。。以便做某事，強調品質/形容詞。	表示足夠什麽做某件事，強調數量。
例子	She is strong enough to lift the box. (她力氣夠大以把箱子搬起來。)	There is enough time for us to finish the task. (我們有*足夠的時間*完成這項任務。)

suggest 用法

	Suggest + V-ing / Noun	Suggest that + 子句
結構	S + suggest + V-ing / N	S + suggest + that + S + V (不定式或根據語境變位形式)
意思	建議一個具體的動作或名詞	建議某人該做什麼
例子	I suggest going to the park. (我建議去公園。)	She suggested that he take a break. (她建議*他休息*一下。)

hope 用法

	Hope + to V	Hope + 子句
結構	S + hope + to V	S + hope + (that) + S + V (根據語境變位形式)
意思	未來想做某件事	希望現在或將來會發生的某件事。
例子	I hope to travel to Japan next year. (我希望明年能去日本旅行。)	I hope (that) he will arrive soon. (*我希望他能*盡快到達。)

used to 用法

	Used to + V	Be/get + used to + V-ing/N
結構	S + used to + V	S + be/get + used to + V-ing/N
意思	表達過去已不存在的習慣與狀態	描述說話者習慣於（現在）的某種習慣或狀態
例子	I used to play football when I was young. (我小時候曾經踢足球。)	She is used to waking up early. (她*習慣了*早起。)
注意事項	這種時態不用於描述現在仍在進行的動作。	用於表示對當前行為的熟悉程度。

mind 用法

	S + mind + V-ing/N	Would you mind/Do you mind + V-ing/N
意思	用來表示某人做某事時感到不快或惱火。	用於請求意見或請某人做某事，比較有禮貌。
例子	I mind waiting for too long. (我介意等待太久。)	Do you mind opening the window? (*你介意*打開窗戶嗎？)
注意事項	常用於否定句或肯定句中，表示不喜歡。	用於請求或詢問他人幫助的疑問句。

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would you like 用法

	Would you like + to V	Would you like + N
意思	用來詢問某人是否想做某件事。	用來詢問某人的選擇或提出建議。
例子	Would you like to go out for dinner?(你想出去吃晚餐嗎？)	Would you like some coffee?(你想喝點咖啡嗎？)
注意事項	常用於邀請、建議或詢問某人想要採取的行動。	用來向某人索取或提供特定物品。

As if 和 As though 用法

	S + V + As if/As though + S + V	S + V + As if/As though + S + V-ed
意思	描述一種被描繪成真實的行為或情況，但可能並非事實。	描述現在或過去發生的假設的或不真實的行為或事件。
例子	She talks as if she knows everything. (她說話好像她什麼都知道似的。)	He acted as though he had won the prize. (他表現得好像自己贏得了獎項一樣。)
注意事項	用來描述一種並非真實存在但卻存在於當下的行為或狀態。	用於談論過去不真實的行為或狀態。

Although 用法

	Although + S + V, S + V…	S + V although S + V
意思	連接詞“Although”用於連接兩個意思相反或對比鮮明的從句。	“Although” 用來表達句子中兩個分句之間的對比。
例子	Although it was raining, we went to the beach. (雖然下著雨，我們還是去了海灘。)	I went to the beach although it was raining. (雖然下著雨，但我還是去了海灘。)
注意事項	“Although” 位於句首，後面用逗號分隔各個子句。	“Although” 位於句中，不需要逗號。

注意事項: 在口語中，Although 也可以用“though”代替。

>>詳細用法：

In spite of 用法

	In spite of + N/V-ing, S + V + …	S + V + … in spite of N/V-ing	In spite of the fact that + S + V
意思	這種結構表示“雖然”，表達了兩個分句之間的對比或讓步。	“In spite of” 表達了主句中的動作/事實與從句中的動作/事實之間的矛盾。	允許後跟完整子句。
例子	In spite of the rain, they went out. (*儘管下*著雨，他們還是出門了。)	They went out in spite of the rain. (儘管下著雨，他們還是出門了。	In spite of the fact that he was ill, he went to school. (儘管他生病了，他還是去上學了。)
注意事項	“In spite of” 可以放在句首，但必須用逗號分隔子句。	“In spite of” 位於句末，不需要逗號。	雖然有人使用，但它通常比較冗長，在簡單的口語中應該避免使用。

despite 用法

	Despite + N/V-ing, S + V + …	S + V + … despite + N/V-ing
意思	雖然（表示對比，相反）
例子	Despite being tired, she still went to work.(儘管很累，她還是去上班了。)	She still went to work despite being tired.(儘管很累，她還是去上班了。)

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because/because of 用法

	Because	Because of
詞類	連接詞 (conjunction)	介詞(preposition)
結構	Because + S + V	Because of + N / V-ing / 名詞片語
意思	因為（解釋原因）	因為，由於（原因，理由）
在句子中的位置	在句首或句中	在句首或句中
例子	– Because it was raining, we stayed inside. (因為下雨，我們待在室內。) – She passed the test because she studied. (她通過了考試，因為她認真學習了。)	– Because of the rain, we stayed inside. (因為下雨，我們待在室內。) – She passed the test because of her hard work. (她通過考試是因為她很努力。)
注意事項	不要在名詞前使用“because”	不要在子句前使用 “because of”

so, such, too 用法

	So … that	Such … that	Too … to
公式	so + adj/adv + that + 子句	such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + 子句	– To be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V – S + V + too + adv + (for sb) + to V
意思	太。。。了（負面意義）	什麽東西太。。。了	太……了以至於某人無法做某事（無法執行該動作）
例子	– The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it. (咖啡太燙了，我根本喝不了。) – He ran so quickly that no one could catch him. (他跑得太快了，根本沒有人能追上他。)	– It was such a beautiful day that we went to the beach. (*那天天氣太好了*，所以我們去了海邊。) – She is such an intelligent girl that everyone admires her. (她是*個非常聰明的女孩*，大家都很羡慕她。)	– This box is too heavy for me to carry. (這個箱子*太重了，我搬不動。) – He spoke too fast for us to understand. (他說話**太快了，我們聽不懂*。)

as well as 用法

as well as 這個結構有兩個主要意義：既。。。又。。。或不但…而且…。基本上，as well as 用來連接句子中兩個詞類相似的詞。

結構:

N/Adj/子句 + as well as + N/Adj/子句

例子:

He as well as his friends were invited to the party.

(他和他的朋友們都被邀請參加了派對。)

She is talented as well as hardworking.

(她既有才華又勤奮。)

as much as 用法

	S + V + as much as + S + …	S + V + as much + N (不可數) + as + S + …
意思	跟誰/什麽一樣做的多	擁有不可數的數量，等於某人/某物
詞型/結構	與動詞的比較	與不可數名詞的比較
例子	She studies as much as her brother. (她和哥哥*學習得一樣多*。)	He doesn’t have as much money as I do. (他沒有我*那麼多錢*。)

not only… but also 用法

Not only … but also 這種結構強調人、事物或事件的性質，特點。 Not only … but also的意思就是“不僅/不但…而且…“。這種結構可以將兩個詞性相似的子句連接起來。

結構:

S + V + not only + N/V/Adj/Adv + but also + N/V/Adj/Adv

例子:

She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.

(她不僅唱的好聼，而且跳得也很好。)

He is not only smart but also kind.

(他不但聰明，而且心地善良。)

would rather 用法

	S + would rather + V	S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + V-ed
意思	在或將來想要做某事的願望	希望過去已發生的事情發生（或希望沒有發生的事情發生）。
例子	– I would rather stay at home tonight. (我今晚寧願待在家裡。) – She would rather eat pizza than pasta. (她寧願吃披薩也不願吃義大利麵。)	– I would rather (that) you studied harder. (我*更希望*你更努力學習。) – They would rather (that) we did it now. (他們*希望我*們現在就做。)

Prefer 用法

結構形式	意思	例子
Prefer / Would prefer + to + V	表達對某事物的偏好。	I prefer to study at night. （我更喜歡晚上學習。）
Prefer + N / V-ing + to + N / V-ing	表達對某事物的偏好。	I prefer reading books to watching TV. （比起看電視，我更喜歡讀書。）
Would prefer + to V + rather than + V	表達更傾向於做某事而不是做另一事。	I would prefer to go for a walk rather than stay inside. （我寧願出去散步，也不願待在室內。）

refuse 用法

	Refuse + Noun	Refuse to do sth
結構	Refuse + Noun	Refuse + to do sth
意思	拒絕某人/某事	拒絕做某事
例子	She refused the invitation. (她*拒絕了*邀請。)	He refused to help me with the project.(他*拒絕幫助*我完成這個專案。)

let 用法

let結構表示允許，用於表達對某人的許可，允許某人做某事。 let結構通常與受詞和不定詞連用。

例子:

Let + someone + V (不定式)

例子:

Let me help you. (讓我來幫你。)
She let me go early. (她允許我早點去)

let’s 用法

Let’s 是 let us 的縮寫。當你想邀請某人一起做某事時，可以使用 let’s。 Let’s 可以理解為祈使句，因此通常後接不定式。

結構:

Let’s + V (不定式)

例子:

Let’s go to the park! (我們一起去公園吧！)
Let’s study English together. (我們一起學習英語吧。)

difficult 用法

Difficult 是英語中最常用的形容詞之一。與 difficult 連用的結構可以是單一形容詞置於名詞前，也可以是與動詞連用。

結構:

S + to be + difficult (for sb) + to do sth

例子:

Math is difficult for me to understand. (數學對我來說很難理解。)
It’s difficult to find a solution. (要找到解決方案很困難。)

promise 用法

	Promise + (not) + to V	Promise + something	Promise + (sb) + (that) + S + V
意思	保證/承諾（不）做什麽	承諾某事	向某人承諾/答應誰會做某事
詞類/位置	動詞 + 不定式動詞(to V)	動詞 + 名詞	動詞 + 受詞 + 子句(that)
例子	– I promise to help you. (我保證會幫助你。) – She promised not to tell anyone. (她保證不會告訴任何人。)	He made a promise of support. (他提出了一個支持的承諾)	They promised me that they would come. (他們*答應過我*他們會來的。)

avoid 用法

Avoid 表示避免某事或避免要做某事。此結構可與動詞或名詞的V-ing形式連用。

結構:

Avoid + Noun/V-ing

例子:

I left home early to avoid the rush hour. (我早早出門，避免遇到了高峰期。)
Andy has been avoiding me for 3 days. (安迪已經躲我三天了。)

advise 用法

	advise + sb + to V	advise + that + S + should + V
意思	勸某人做某事	勸誰該做什麽
例子	The doctor advised me to rest.(醫生勸我休息。)	She advised that he should see a dentist.(她勸他去看牙醫。)

after 用法

	After + V-ing / 短語	After +子句
意思	做完什麽後	完成某事後
詞型/結構	介詞 + V-ing	連接詞 + 過去完成式子句
例子	After taking a hot bath, I go to bed. (洗完熱水澡後，我就上床睡覺了。)	After they had finished the exam, they went on a vacation. (考試結束後，他們就去度假了。)

asked 用法

	S + asked + if/whether + S + V	S + asked + sb + to V
意思	問（間接問題）	要求/命令某人做某事
詞型/結構	間接陳述句	動詞 + 受詞 + 不定式動詞
例子	She asked if he was home. (她問他是否在家。)	He asked me to open the window. (他讓我打開窗戶。)

enjoy 用法

enjoy 表示喜歡、享受。在英語中，enjoy 這個結構可以與動詞、名詞連用，也可以單獨使用。在需要表達具體信息的情況下，enjoy 可以取代 like 或 love。

結構:

Enjoy + N/Ving

例子:

I enjoy listening to classical music. (我喜歡聽古典音樂。)
They enjoy the party a lot. (他們非常喜歡這個聚會。)

must 用法

是 have to、should 和 ought to 這組情態動詞中具有最強烈的強制性意義。 must 的用法非常簡單，與其他modal verb類似。

結構:

S + must + V – 某人被迫做了某件事

例子:

You must finish your homework before dinner. (你必須在晚餐前完成作業。)
Students must bring their ID cards to the exam. (學生參加考試時必須攜帶身分證。)

when, while 用法

	第一個子句	第二個子句	意思
when + 一般過去式，過去完成式	S + V (一般過去式)	S + had + P2 (過去完成式)	描述過去發生的、發生在另一個事件之前的動作。
when + 過去進行式，一般過去式	S + was/were + V-ing (過去進行式)	S + V (一般過去式)	描述正在進行的動作被另一個動作打斷的過程
when + 一般過去式	S + V (一般過去式)	S + V (一般過去式)	描述過去先後發生的兩個事件。
while + 過去（現在）進行式	S + was/were + V-ing (過去進行式)	S + was/were + V-ing (過去進行式)	描述過去同時發生的兩個事件。

例子:

when + 一般過去式，過去完成式

When I arrived, they had finished the meeting. (我到的時候，他們已經結束會議了。)

when + 過去進行式，一般過去式

I was watching TV when she called me. (我正在看電視的時候，她打了電話給我。)

when + 一般過去式

I met her when I was at the park. (我在公園的時候，遇到了她。)

while + 過去進行式

While I was cooking, my brother was cleaning the house. (我做飯的時候，我哥哥在打掃房子。)

find 用法

	find + sth/sb + adj + to V	find + it + adj + to V
意思	看看某人/某事如何做某事	感覺/發現某事怎麽樣？
例子	She found the movie interesting. (她*覺得這部電影很有意思*。)	I find it easy to learn English by myself. (我*發現很容易自學英文。)*

remember 用法

	remember to V	remember V-ing
意思	記住要做什麽	記住你做過的事
例子	Remember to lock the door. (*記得鎖*門。)	I remember locking the door. (我*記得已鎖了*門。)

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unless 用法

在條件句中，unless 結構等同於 “If not”。你可以用 unless 代替 if 來造句，並調整後面子句的意思（肯定句-否定句），使句子意思不變。

結構:

S + V (肯定) unless + S + V (否定)

例子:

Unless you study hard, you will not pass the exam. (除非你努力學習，否則你不會通過考試。)
I will go to the party unless something urgent comes up. (除非有緊急狀況，否則我會去參加派對。)

had better 用法

	S + had better + V	S + had better not + V
意思	應該（威懾，警告） = Should	不應該= Shouldn’t
例子	You had better study harder. (你應該更努力學習。)	You had better not be late again. (你不應該再遲到了。)

It was not until 用法

	It was not until + 時間 + that + S + V	It was not until + S + V + that + S + V
意思	直到… 才…	直到… 才…
例子	It was not until 10 PM that I finished my homework. (直到晚上十點我才做完作業。)	It was not until he called that I understood. (直到他打電話來，我才明白。)

need 用法

	S + need (not) + V	S + need + to V/N	S + need + V-ing
意思	應該怎麼做（肯定/否定）	需要做什麼（動詞或名詞）	需要採取什麼措施？
例子	You need not worry. (您*不必擔心*。)	– I need to finish my report. (我*需要完成*我的報告。) – She needs help. (她*需要幫助*。)	The car needs repairing. (這輛車*需要修理*。)

regret 用法

	Regret + to Verb	Regret + V-ing
意思	很遺憾地做什麽	很遺憾什麽
例子	I regret to inform you that the event is canceled. (*很遺憾地通知*您，本次活動已取消。)	I regret missing the party. (我*很遺憾錯過了*這次聚會。)

stop 用法

	Stop + to Verb	Stop + V-ing
意思	停下来	停做什么
例子	I stopped to check my phone. (我*停下來查*看手機。)	I stopped running to catch my breath. (我停跑以喘口氣。)

有效的進行英文文法自學

高效率學習英文文法需要清晰的學習計劃和合適的方法。特別是對於初學者來說，從一開始就掌握正確的學習方法，選擇合適的學習材料，並堅持每天練習。

高效率的英文文法自學路線圖：初學者的詳細步驟

1) 確定學習目標

學習溝通/寫作/參加托業考試或雅思考試。
明確目標 → 選擇適合的教材和學習方法。

2) 掌握基礎

學習基本時態。
理解句子結構 (S – V – O).
區分簡單句和複合句。

3) 注意要點

條件句，關係子句。
Modal verbs.
主-動詞和好

4) 不斷練習

學習結束後馬上做作業。
閱讀、聆聽、觀看視頻，了解文法在語境中的應用。

5) 測試並獲得回饋

請老師/朋友幫忙改正。
使用 Grammarly 和 ChatGPT 進行核對。

6) 定期復習

定期復習。
每天學習一點，培養反應能力。

>>閲讀更多：2025 年最標準英語發音規則全集

通過 ELSA Speak 應用進行溝通來學習文法

學習文法更實用、更有效的反應能力的方法是將其與口語練習結合。 ELSA Speak 應用通過對話和接近本地人的發音來幫助你學習文法，非常適合想要流利說英語的人。

為什麼要使用 ELSA Speak 學習文法？

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通過真實情境練習發音和文法結構。
AI技術根據IPA標準對發音進行評分，並糾正每個音素和每個句子。
為每位使用者量身訂做高度個人化的學習路徑，滿足使用者的各種情況、需求和愛好。

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基礎英文文法複習練習

免費水平測試

練習

練習1: 括號內為動詞變位練習

She usually _____ (get up) at 6 a.m.
They _____ (watch) TV when I arrived.
I _____ (study) English for 5 years.
He _____ (visit) his grandparents next week.
She _____ (live) in this city since 2010.
We _____ (finish) our homework before going out.
They _____ (buy) a new car.
I _____ (wish) I could speak Spanish.
If it rains tomorrow, we _____ (stay) at home.
The book _____ (write) by a famous author.
She _____ (never be) to Paris.
I _____ (see) him yesterday at the market.
They _____ (build) a new house next month.
She _____ (work) as a teacher for 10 years.
We _____ (eat) dinner when the phone rang.

練習2: 改寫句子，使其意思不變。

She started learning English five years ago.
The last time I saw him was in 2018.
It’s too cold to go swimming.
They are going to build a new school here.
I don’t have enough money to buy a car.
Although he is old, he runs very fast.
“Can you open the door?” she said to me.
They built this house in 1990.
I prefer tea to coffee.
He is so tall that he can reach the ceiling.
Despite the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
“I will help you with your homework,” she said to me.
I haven’t seen her for two years.
The last time I ate sushi was a month ago.
She is too young to drive.

免費水平測試

答案

練習1：

1	2	3	4	5
gets up	were watching	have studied	will visit	has been living
6	7	8	9	10
had finished	are going to buy	wish	will stay	was written
11	12	13	14	15
has never been	saw	will build	has been working	were eating

練習2：

She has been learning English for five years.
I haven’t seen him since 2018.
It is so cold that I can’t go swimming.
A new school is going to be built here.
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
Despite being old, he runs very fast.
She asked me to open the door.
This house was built in 1990.
I like tea more than coffee. / I prefer tea rather than coffee.
He is tall enough to reach the ceiling.
Although it rained heavily, they went for a walk.
She told me that she would help me with my homework.
I last saw her two years ago.
It has been a month since I last ate sushi.
She is not old enough to drive.

有了清晰的文件和合理的學習計劃，學習英文文法會更容易。希望這篇文章能幫助你掌握知識，英文文法自學有效。別忘了把這篇英文文法大全分享給你的朋友一起學習！也別忘了關注 ELSA Speak 主頁，獲取更多關於英語文法的詳細文章！

The post 英文文法最完整合集：自學與掌握時態的指南 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

Through 是什麼？含義、發音、用法、例句與常用片語

魚丸 — Tue, 02 Dec 2025 03:38:21 +0000

“Through” 是一個看似簡單、卻涵蓋多種語意的英文單詞。它出現在數百個片語動詞中以及可用於多種語法角色。ELSA Speak 將協助你了解 through 的正確用法、發音、例句結構與各種含義，以便在溝通與學術寫作中準確運用。

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Through 是什麼?

“Through” 是英文中的一個多功能詞，常作為介系詞、副詞或形容詞使用，其主要意思依語境而定，包括“穿過”、“通過”、“透過”、“經由”或“經歷”。

這個詞能幫助說話者表達動作的移動、過程、原因，或達成某事的方法。

Through 發音: /θruː/
Through 中文意思: 穿過、經過、透過、由、經歷

使用 through 造句:

They walked through the forest. (他們步行穿過森林。)
She managed to get through the day. (她努力熬過了一個疲憊的日子。)
The news spread through social media. (消息透過社群網絡散播。)

>>相關内容：since 用法：意義、規範用法、區分方法及記憶技巧

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through 用法

用法	例句
用來表示從某物的一端或一面穿到另一端	– The river flows through the mountains, providing a scenic view. (河流穿過群山，形成了一幅美麗的景色。) – We hiked through the forest to reach the other side of the island. (我們穿過森林，到達了島的另一邊。)
用來表示在一段時間內從頭到尾	– They worked through the night to finish the project on time. (他們整晚都在工作，以便按時完成專案。) – We studied through the entire weekend for the exams. (我們整個週末都在學習，以準備考試。)
用來表示某事的結果(=Throughout)	– She worked hard and succeeded through sheer determination. (她努力工作，並因為強大的決心而取得成功。) – They persevered through challenges and achieved their goals. (他們堅持克服挑戰，並實現了自己的目標。)
用於表示 “由”、 “透過”	– She succeeded through hard work and dedication. (她因為勤奮與奉獻而成功。) – The issue was resolved through effective communication. (問題透過有效的溝通而得以解決。)

through 常見的結構

through 搭配的片語動詞 (Phrasal verb)

片語動詞(Phrasal verb)	含義	例句 (含翻譯)
Break through	迫使自己突破、克服正在阻礙你的事物	After months of hard work, she finally managed to break through the barriers in her career. (經過數月的努力工作，她終於突破了職涯上的阻礙。)
Get through (+to)	成功與某人通電話	I tried calling my friend several times, but I couldn’t get through to her. (我已經嘗試打給朋友好幾次，但始終無法與她取得聯繫。)
Get through	度過、完成	Despite facing many challenges, they managed to get through the project on time. (儘管遇到許多挑戰，他們仍按時完成了專案。)
Go through	被正式接受或批准	The new policy had to go through several approvals before being implemented. (新政策在實施之前必須經過多個審批程序。)
Go through with	堅持到底、把事情做到最後	She decided to go through with her plan to start her own business. (她決定堅持到底，完成創辦自己企業的計畫。)

練習英文詞彙發音

through 搭配的成語 (Idioms)

成語（Idioms）	含義	例句
Through and through	完全、徹底	He’s a loyal friend through and through, always there when you need him. (他是一位徹頭徹尾忠誠的朋友，總是在你需要時陪伴在側。)
Through ball	（足球）穿透對方防線的直塞球	The midfielder executed a perfect through ball, sending the striker one-on-one with the goalkeeper. (中場送出了一記完美的直塞球，使前鋒獲得單刀面對守門員的機會。)
Through route	繞過市中心的道路；外環道路	The through route was established to ease traffic congestion in the city center. (這條外環道路的建設旨在減輕市中心的交通擁堵。)
Through thick and thin	不論困難與否始終支持某人	I’ll be with you through thick and thin, no matter what challenges come our way. (無論發生任何困難，我都會一直在你身邊。)

through 在英文中的其他形式

除了作為介系詞（preposition）或副詞（adverb）之外，”through” 在某些特殊情況下還可以用作形容詞（adjective）或名詞（noun）。理解 through 詞性有助於掌握其結構，並分辨其在各種語境中的不同用法。

Through 作為形容詞

“Through” 的形容詞（adjective）形式通常用來描述一條道路、路線或一個不被中斷、完全貫穿的過程。

例句:

The detective found a through route to solve the mystery. (調查員找到了一條可直接貫穿的路線來解決案件。)
The hikers discovered a through path that led them to the summit. (徒步者發現了一條穿山而過的小道，帶領他們到達山頂。)

Through 作為名詞

雖然較為少見，但在某些語境中，尤其在英式英語或交通、工程等專業領域，“through” 也能作為名詞（noun）使用。

through 名詞含義：

一條貫穿的道路、通道
一種連接、傳輸方式，或一段穿越的過程

例句:

The new railway will include a through from north to south. (新的鐵路將提供一條從北到南的直通路線。)
The city is planning to build a through for heavy trucks. (該城市計畫建設一條供重型卡車使用的通行道路。)
In telecom, a through refers to a direct signal path. (在電信領域，“through”指的是直接的信號傳輸通道。)

結構 “be through with”

片語 be through with + 名詞／活動 用來表示已經完成、結束，或不再與某事有任何關聯。這是一個在現代英語口語中非常常用的結構。

例句:

I’m through with the exams and can finally relax. (我已經考完試了，終於可以放鬆了。)
After hours of work, she was through with the presentation. (經過數小時的工作，她已經完成了簡報。)

>>閲讀更多：

through 練習題

免費水平測試

練習題

為每個句子選出最正確的答案:

The cat ran ______ the open door and disappeared.
a. across b. through c. along
She succeeded ______ her strong determination and hard work.
a. by b. with c. through
The teacher walked ______ the classroom checking each student’s work.
a. into b. through c. over
We stayed awake ______ the night to finish our presentation.
a. through b. during c. for
The message was sent ______ email instead of by phone.
a. with b. through c. from
He looked ______ the keyhole to see what was happening inside.
a. over b. through c. at
The team got ______ to the final round after a tough match.
a. along b. through c. across
The new law went ______ several stages of approval before being passed.
a. by b. through c. out
She managed to get ______ to the customer service department after 20 minutes on hold.
a. through b. in c. across
He kept walking ______ the storm to reach home safely.
a. among b. through c. beyond

答案

題目	1	2	3	4	5
答案	B	C	B	A	B
題目	6	7	8	9	10
答案	B	B	B	A	B

練習英語

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常見問題

through 三態是什麼？Through 過去式是什麼？

→ “through” 並不是動詞，因此沒有過去式，也不存在動詞的三態形式。

Through out 是什麼意思?

→ through out 是 throughout 的錯誤拼寫 ,意思是貫穿、遍及、從頭到尾。

例句: It rained throughout the night. (整晚都在下雨。)

其他與 through 有關、但你可能尚未知道的片語？

其中含go through 中文等詞語：

片語	意思	例句
go through	經歷、通過、檢查或仔細審視	She went through many difficulties before succeeding. (在成功之前，她經歷了許多困難。)
pass through	走過、通過、穿越	The train passed through the tunnel. (火車穿過隧道。)
drive through	開車通過；免下車服務	We ordered coffee at a drive-through. (我們在免下車服務窗口點了咖啡。)
see through	看穿、識破、看透本質	She could see through his lies. (她能看穿他的謊言。)
through hole	通孔、穿孔（電子或機械工程術語）	The circuit board has several through holes for mounting components. (電路板上有許多通孔用來安裝元件。)

>>有趣内容：

掌握 “through” 不僅能幫助你理解一系列常見片語動詞，還能拓展你在日常溝通中的詞彙量。越多練習，你就越能體會到 “through” 在現代英語中是一個極其靈活且實用的詞彙。英語文法類別中還有許多有趣的文章正等著你探索，歡迎前往 ELSA Speak 網站了解更多！

The post Through 是什麼？含義、發音、用法、例句與常用片語 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

Present Continuous Tense (現在進行式): 用法、加-ing的規則和練習

魚丸 — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 04:43:59 +0000

你有沒有想過如何使用現在進行式（present continuous tense）？這種時態通常用於表達說話時正在發生的動作或不久的將來的計劃。透過 ELSA Speak 的這篇文章，你將學習現在進行式的用法、加 -ing 的規則、與現在簡單式的區別以及練習範例。

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Key takeaways

公式:
+ 肯定句: S + is/ am/ are + V-ing
+ 否定句: S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing
+ 疑問句: Is/ am/ are + S + V-ing?
用法:
– 描述說話時正在發生的動作
– 描述即將發生的動作
– 描述說話者的沮喪或煩惱- 描述比之前有更大的變化或發展
識別標志:
– 時間副詞： now, at the moment, at present
– 祈使短語： Look!, Listen!, Keep silent!, Watch out!, …

現在進行式意思 (Present Continuous Tense) 是什麽？

現在進行式英文是 Present Continuous Tense，用來描述說話時此刻正在發生的動作和事件。這些動作和事件尚未結束，並且現在仍在繼續發生。

現在進行式例句:

I’m writing a report. (我正在寫一份報告。)
What are you doing? (你在幹什麼?)
The project is being finalized. (該項目正在最後敲定中。)

>>瞭解更多語法文章：

現在進行式公式 (Present Continuous Tense)

現在進行式的結構分為肯定、否定和疑問三種。以下是每種結構的詳細結構和例句！

肯定句

結構:

S + am/is/are + V-ing

其中:

主語	to be 動詞	縮寫
I	am	I’m
He	is	He’s
She	is	She’s
It	is	It’s
單數名詞	is	N’s
不可數名詞	is	N’s
You/We/They/複數名詞	are	You’re/We’re/They’re

Present Continuous Tense例子:

I am cooking dinner. (我正在做晚餐。)
She is reading a book. (她正在讀一本書。)
They are learning English. (他們正在學習英語。)

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否定句

結構:

S + am/is/are + not + V-ing

注意:

is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t

例子:

I am not learning Math at the moment. (我目前不在學數學。)
My daughter isn’t watching T.V now. (我女兒現在不看電視。)
They aren’t playing a game at the present. (他們現在不在玩遊戲。)

疑問句

Yes/No question 疑問句

疑問句	Am/ is/ are + S + Ving?
回答	Yes, S + Am/ is/ are. No, S + Am/ is/ are + not

例子:

A: Are you going to school now?	你現在要去學校嗎？
B: Yes, I am.	對了!

Wh-question 疑問句

疑問句	Wh-question + am/ is/ are + (not) + S + V-ing?
回答	S + am/ is/ are + (not) + V-ing

例子:

What is she doing now? (她現在在做什麼？)

→ She is learning English. (她正在學習英語。)

現在進行式用法 (Present Continuous Tense用法)

現在進行式 (Present Continuous Tense)有 8 種不同的用法，對應不同的情況。下面我們就來看看相關的知識和例子吧！

用法	範例
描述說話時正在發生的動作。	– Now, she is working right. (現在，她正在工作。) – We are listening to music now. (我們現在正在聽音樂。)
描述一般正在發生的動作或事件，不一定是在說話時發生的。	– Jane is finding a job. (Jane 正在找工作。) → Jane 正在找工作中, 但不一定是在説話時。 – She is quite busy these days. She is doing her assignment. (她最近很忙。她*正在做*她的作業。)
描述即將發生的動作（已經計劃好）	– Tomorrow, what are you doing? (明天，你會在做什麼？) – Summer is coming. (夏天來了。)
描述經常重複的動作	At seven p.m o’clock we are usually having dinner. (晚上七點我們通常在吃晚餐。)
描述說話者的惱怒或煩惱（通常與always、continuously、usually連用）	– Lan is always coming late. (小蘭總是來晚。) → 抱怨。 – He is always borrowing my pen and then he doesn’t remember. (他總是藉我的筆，然後他就不記得了。)
描述與先前的情況形成對比的新事物。	These days most people are using email instead of writing letters. (如今，大多數人*都使用*電子郵件而不是寫信。)
描述與以前相比的變化和發展。	– His son is growing quickly. (他的兒子正在快速成長。) – Her English is improving. (她的英語*正在進步*。)
用於講故事、總結電影/書籍	The movie ends when the main character is cooking a meal for his family. (當主角在為家人做飯時，電影結束了。)

此處持續更新折扣碼

present continuous tense字眼（present continuous tense keywords）

英語中每個時態都有其獨特的識別符號。以下是 Present Continuous Tense Keywords －現在進行式的辨識符號。

句子中有時間副詞。

Keywords	意思
Now	現在
Right now	馬上
At the moment	現在
At present	現在
At + 具體時間 + now	在 + 具體時間 + 現在(e.g. at 10 o’clock now)

例子:

I am studying Math now. (我現在正在學習數學。)
I am not reading the newpaper at the moment. (我現在不在看報紙。)
Right now, It is snowing. (現在，正在下雪。)

句子中有祈使短語

短語	意思
Look!	看！
Listen!	聽！
Keep silent!	保持沉默！
Watch out! = Look out!	小心！

例子:

Look! A girl is jumping from the bridge! (看！一個女孩從橋上跳下來了！)
Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. (聽！有人在敲門。)
Keep silent! The teacher is coming. (安靜！老師來了。)

現在進行式被動語態 (Present Continuous Tense)

分類	結構	例子
肯定	S + am/is/are + being + V (P.P) + (by O)	His mother is preparing the lunch in the kitchen. → The lunch is being prepared (by his mother) in the kitchen.
否定	S + am/is/are + not + being + V (P.P) + (by O)	I am not riding a bike to school. → A bike isn’t being ridden (by me) to school.
疑問	Am/Is/Are + S + being + V (P.P) + (by O)?	Our team is developing a new marketing campaign. → A new marketing campaign is being developed by our team.

>>閲讀更多：Have been 用法：完整公式、例句與用法區別

現在進行式ing加入規則 (Present Continuous Tense)

不知道如何在現在進行式加ing？以下是現在進行式動詞變化，以及是如何使用現在分詞現在進行式。

情況	規則	例子
以“e”結尾的動詞	去掉“e”，加“ing”。若詞尾是ee，則保留原詞尾，並加上“ing”。	Write → writing Come → coming Ride → riding Have → having
	ee 結尾保持原樣，並添加“ing”	See → seeing Agree → agreeing
以“聲母+韻母”結尾的單音節動詞（h、w、x、y 除外）	將最後一個輔音加兩倍並添加“ing”	Stop → stopping Get → getting,
	以 h, w, x, y 結尾只要加上 “ing”。	Cut → cutting Know → knowing Draw → drawing Buy → buying
以“ie”結尾的動詞	將“ie”改為“y”並加上“ing”	Lie → lying Tie → tying
	例外：以“y”結尾的動詞保持不變並加上“ing”	Carry → carrying Study → studying
以“c”結尾的動詞	加“k”然後加“ing”。	Panic → panicking Mimic → mimicking Traffic → trafficking
動詞不用於現在進行式（不加-ing）	感覺、狀態、所有格、愛好動詞。	– 感覺組: taste, see, hear, smell, feel,… – 狀態群組: seem, fit, mean, sound,… – 所有格組: belong, contain, own, concern,… – 愛好組: like, love, want, need,…

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現在簡單式現在進行式差別

來區分一下兩種英文時態現在進行式現在簡單式。

	現在簡單式 (Present Simple Tense)	現在進行式 (Present Continuous Tense)
結構	+) S + V(s/es) –) S + do/does + not + V ?) Do/Does + S + V?	+) S + am/is/are + V-ing –) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing ?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
主要用法	– 表達習慣、顯而易見的事實、固定的時間表 – 描述性格、長期狀態	– 描述說話時正在發生的動作 – 描述暫時、趨勢、變化的動作 – 描述近期安排的計劃
識別標志	always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, on Mondays…	now, right now, at the moment, today, these days, this week…
例子	– She goes to school every day. (她每天都去上學。) – The sun rises in the East. (太陽從東方升起。)	– She is going to school now. (她現在*正在去*上學。) – He is studying hard these days. (這几天他正在努力學習。)

>>閲讀更多：

Present Continuous Tense練習 – 現在進行式練習及答案

練習英文詞彙發音

練習

練習 1: 在括號中給出動詞的正確形式。

1. My tutor (see) ………………………… me for a tutorial every Tuesday at 6 p.m.

2. Jane (not/study) ………………………… very hard at the moment. I (not/think) ………………………… he’ll pass his tests.

3. Young people (take) ………………………… up traditional style hobbies such as knitting and walking in the countryside as of lately.

4. It’s 6 p.m o’clock, and my parents (cook) ………………….. dinner in the kitchen.

5. David (travel) ………………………… around the world this summer, and probably won’t be back for a couple of months.

6. Now Sam (lie) ………………….. to his mother about his bad marks.

7. More people (play) ………………………… game regularly nowadays.

8. Where is your mother? My mother …….. (read) newspaper in the living room.

9. Some people (not drink)………… tea now.

10. My family (have)…………. lunch in a restaurant right now.

練習 2: 現在進行式多項選擇練習

She _______ hungry. Let’s have something to eat.
A. is feeling
B. have felt
C. feel
D. have been feeling
We’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ______ my mum.
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will take
Thanh ______ two poems at the moment?
A. are writing
B. are writeing
C. is writeing
D. is writing
Mary wasn’t happy with her new job at first, but she ______ to like it now.
A. begins
B. have begun
C. is beginning
D. have been beginning
My brother ______ his pictures at the moment.
A. isn’t paint
B. isn’t painting
C. aren’t painting
D. don’t painting
They ______ the herbs in the garden at present.
A. don’t plant
B. doesn’t plant
C. isn’t planting
D. aren’t planting
Anna usually ______ me on Saturday, but she didn’t call last Saturday.
A. have been calling
B. calls
C. is calling
D. have called
Your brother ______ your motorbike at the moment.
A. is repairing
B. are repairing
C. don’t repair
D. doesn’t repair
I ______ an interesting book at the moment. I will lend it to you when I ______ it.
A. am reading – have finished
B. read – am finishing
C. have read – am finishing
D. read – will finish
At the moment, Lan ______ her homework, his brother ______ games.
A. is making – is playing
B. is doing – is playing
C. does – plays
D. makes – is playing

答案

答案 1:

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	is seeing	is not studying – am thinking	are taking	are cooking	is traveling
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	is living	are playing	is reading	are not drinking	are having

答案 2:

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	A	A	D	C	B
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	D	C	A	A	B

總的來説， Present Continuous Tense（現在進行式）是溝通中一個基本但重要的時態。只要掌握它的公式、加-ing的規則，並結合例句練習，你就能更自然地運用它。每天練習以讓現在進行式（present continuous tense）成為你的反應。別忘了進入 ELSA Speak 主頁，了解更多英語文法知識！

The post Present Continuous Tense (現在進行式): 用法、加-ing的規則和練習 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense): 定義、用法、句型與練習題

魚丸 — Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:00:19 +0000

你正在學習英文，卻對現在簡單式（Simple Present Tense）用在什麼情況下、動詞該怎麼變化或什麼時候加 “s” 感到困惑嗎？這是最基礎的時態，常用來描述習慣、事實以及行程安排。ELSA Speak 將幫助你掌握其句型結構、正確用法，以及如何與其他時態區分。

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Key takeaways:
– 用法:
+ 表示習慣或重複發生的行為
+ 描述明顯的事實或自然規律
+ 表達時間表或行程安排
+ 用於說明書、新聞標題
+ 用於第零型條件句
– 公式：
+) I/You/We/They + V (原形)
He/She/It + V-s/es
-) I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + V
He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + V
?) Do + I/you/we/they + V?
Does + he/she/it + V?
– 辨識標誌：
+ 頻率副詞: always, usually, often, sometimes, never
+ 時間片語: every day/week/month, on Mondays, at night
+ 重複性的動作: in the morning, after school, etc.

Simple Present Tense – 現在簡單式定義

Simple Present Tense – 現在簡單式英文中用來描述正在發生的事情、習慣性重複的行為，或是公理、真理等明顯事實。

例句:

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (水在攝氏100度時會沸騰。)
He goes to school by bus. (他搭公車上學。)
We learn English with the ELSA Speak app. (我們使用 ELSA Speak 學習英文。)

Simple Present Tense – 現在簡單式句型

你是否在疑惑什麽時候現在簡單式加s？一起來探索在各類句型中，現在簡單式 be動詞的變化方式，以及主動語態中一般現在簡單式動詞變化方式和相關注意事項吧！

現在簡單式肯定句

To be 動詞句型結構

句型:

S + am/is/are + N/Adj

例句:

She is beautiful. (她很漂亮。)
This book is very interesting. (這本書很有趣。)

用法注意事項:

主詞	動詞 to be	縮寫	一般動詞
I	am	I’m	V (原形)
He/She/It/單數名詞/不可數名詞	is	He’s/She’s/It’s	V(s/es)
You/We/They/複數名詞	are	You’re/We’re/They’re	V (原形)

例句:

He‘s my ex-boyfriend. (他是我前男友。)
They are humorous. (他們很幽默。)
It‘s a beautiful day. (今天天氣很好。)
You speak English very well. (你英文說得很好。)

一般動詞句型例句

句型:

S + V(s/es) + O

例句:

He plays the guitar in his free time. (他在空閒時彈吉他。)
The movie starts at 7 PM. (電影晚上七點開始。)

>>動詞各態：動詞三態是什麽? 動詞三態的區別和最準確的用法。

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現在簡單式否定句

To be 動詞的句型結構

句型:

S + am/is/are + not + N/Adj

例句:

I am not a teacher. (我不是老師。)
She isn’t tall. (她不高。)

注意:

You/We/They/複數名詞 – are not/aren’t
I – am not
He/She/It/單數名詞/不可數名詞 – is not/isn’t

一般動詞的句型結構

句型:

S + do/does + not + V (原形) + O

例句:

He doesn’t play the guitar. (他不彈吉他。)
She doesn’t go to school by bike. (她不是騎腳踏車去上學。)

注意:

I/You/We/They/複數名詞 – do not/don’t
He/She/It/單數名詞/不可數名詞 – does not/doesn’t

現在簡單式疑問句

Yes/No 問句

動詞句型	句型	例句
To be 動詞	Am/is/are (not) + S + N/Adj? + Yes, S + am/are/is + No, S + am/are/is + not	Are they from Taiwan? (他們來自台灣嗎?) + Yes, they are. (是的。) + No, they are not. (不是。)
一般動詞	Do/does + S + V(原形) + O? + Yes, S + do/does + No, S + don’t/doesn’t	Do you like to watch movies? (你喜歡看電影嗎?) + Yes, I do. (我喜歡。) + No, I don’t. (我不喜歡。)

Wh- 疑問句

動詞句型	句型	例句
To be 動詞	Wh- + am/are/is (not) + S + N/Adj?	Who is your teacher?(誰是你的老師?)
		When is your birthday? (你的生日是什麼時候?)
一般動詞	Wh- + do/does (not) + S + V(原形) + O?	Which color do you like best? (你最喜歡什麼顏色?)
		What time do you get up every day? (你每天幾點起床?)

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現在簡單式 – Simple Present Tense用法

用法	例句	翻譯
表示習慣或重複的行為	I always drink bubble milk tea after lunch.	我午餐後總是喝珍珠奶茶。
	Jane never goes swimming without her goggles.	Jane 從不在沒帶泳鏡的情況下去游泳。
表示真理或自然事實	There is a lot of salt in seawater.	海水中含有大量鹽分。
	The sun rises in the east.	太陽從東方升起。
表示固定的行程或時間表	The train leaves Taichung at 8:30 AM.	火車早上 8:30 從台中出發。
	The night market opens at 6 PM.	夜市在晚上 6 點開門。
表示當下的想法或感受	I think Lu Rou Fan tastes better than Beef Noodles.	我認為滷肉飯比牛肉麵好吃。
	She feels tired after a long class.	上完一堂長課後她覺得很累。
用於第一類條件句的 if 子句	If it rains, we stay at home and watch TV.	如果下雨，我們就待在家裡看電視。
	If you visit Jiufen, you will love the view.	如果你去九份，你會愛上那裡的風景。

>>相關内容：

Simple Present Tense – 現在簡單式辨識標誌

相對頻率副詞

詞語	意思	例句
Always	總是	She always drinks coffee in the morning. (她早上總是喝咖啡。)
Regularly	經常	We regularly check our emails. (我們常常查看電子郵件。)
Usually	通常	He usually walks to school. (他通常走路去上學。)
Frequently	頻繁地	I frequently visit my grandparents. (我頻繁地去看望祖父母。)
Often	一般地	They often eat out on weekends. (他們通常週末會外出用餐。)
Sometimes	有時候	She sometimes watches TV before bed. (她有時睡前會看電視。)
Rarely	很少	He rarely gets angry. (他很少生氣。)
Seldom	難得	We seldom go to the beach. (我們不常去海邊。)
Hardly	幾乎不	She hardly speaks in meetings. (她*幾乎不*在會議中發言。)
Never	從不	I never eat fast food. (我從不吃速食。)

具體頻率副詞

Once/twice/數量 + times/… + a day/week/month/year,…

例句:

Henry goes to the cinema twice a month. (Henry 每個月去電影院看兩次電影。)
Spring comes once a year. (春天每年來一次。)
The hour hand moves 12 times a day. (金時鐘每天轉動十二次。)

現在簡單式時間副詞（表示重複性）

every day, every week, every month, every year, every 10 years …(每天、每週、每月、每十年)
hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly (每小時、每日、每週、每月、每季、每年)

例句:

They watch TV series every evening. (他們每天晚上都看電視劇。)
I have my hair cut monthly. (我每個月都去剪頭髮。)
My sister goes to the gym weekly. (我姊姊每週都去健身房運動。)

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區分現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense) 與其他時態

現在簡單式現在進行式差別

	現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense)	現在進行式 (Present Continuous Tense)
句型	+) S + V(s/es) -) S + do/does/to be + not + V ?) Do/Does/To be + S + V?	+) S + am/is/are + V-ing -) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing ?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
用法	– 描述習慣、事實、固定行程 – 表示重複、規律的行為	– 描述正在發生的行為 – 發生在說話當下期間的動作
辨識標誌	always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, on Mondays,…	now, right now, at the moment, look!, listen!, currently,…
例句	I play badminton every Sunday. (我每個星期天都打羽毛球。)	I am playing badminton now. (我現在正在打羽毛球。)

現在簡單式過去簡單式比較

	現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense)	過去簡單式 (Simple Past Tense)
句型	+) S + V(s/es) -) S + do/does/to be + not + V ?) Do/Does/To be + S + V?	+) S + V2/ed -) S + did not/not to be + V ?) Did/To be + S + V?
用法	– 描述習慣、事實、固定行程– 發生在現在並重複的行為	– 描述已經發生並結束的行為- 過去發生的一連串動作
辨識標誌	always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, never,…	yesterday, last night, ago, in 2020, then,…
例句	She walks to school every day. (她每天走路去上學。)	She walked to school yesterday. (她昨天走路去上學。)

>>更多時態：

Simple Present Tense – 現在簡單式練習題附解答

練習英文詞彙發音

練習題

練習題 1: 將括號中的動詞變化為正確的現在簡單式

My grandparents always _______ (make) delicious meals, when we get there.
Tom ______ (not like eat) vegetables.
________ Mills and Dave ________ (go) to work by bus every day?
My mother ________ (go) shopping every week.
________ your parents ________ (agree) with your decision?
James ________ usually ________ (not water) the trees.
Where ________ that tall guy ________ (come) from?
They ________ (eat) dinner out once a week.
Where ________ your sister ________ (go) to university?
Who ________ (do) the cleaning in your house?

練習題 2: 選擇正確答案現在簡單式

I ________ at a local bank.
A. have
B. haves
C. having
D. not have
She doesn’t ______ with her parents.
A. lives
B. live
C. living
D. not lives
Cows and buffaloes ______ on grass.
A. feed
B. feeds
C. feeding
D. does feed
He ______ a lot of money every month.
A. earn
B. earns
C. earning
D. do earns
Janet always ______ to be a singer.
A. want
B. wants
C. wanting
D. do want
Emma ______ to make delicious cookies.
A. like
B. liking
C. likes
D. does likes
My sister and her husband ______ inTaipei.
A. live
B. lives
C. living
D. do lives
My friends and I ______ to play boardgames.
A. liking
B. likes
C. like
D. do liking
Adam ______ English and French very well.
A. speak
B. speaks
C. speaking
D. does
Martin often ______ for a walk in the morning.
A. go
B. goes
C. going
D. do goes

解答

練習題 1:

題號	1	2	3	4	5
答案	make	doesn’t	Do/go	goes	Do/agree
題號	6	7	8	9	10
答案	doesn’t/water	does/come	eat	does/go	does

練習題 2:

題號	1	2	3	4	5
答案	A	B	A	B	B
題號	6	7	8	9	10
答案	C	A	C	B	D

深入理解現在簡單式（Simple Present Tense）是提升你日常英語溝通與寫作能力的基礎。請持續練習正確的動詞變化、否定句用法，並記住相關語法規則。別忘了關注 ELSA Speak，探索更多有關英語文法的精彩內容！

The post 現在簡單式 (Simple Present Tense): 定義、用法、句型與練習題 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

過去進行式（Past Continuous Tense）: 用法、結構、對比與例子

魚丸 — Mon, 28 Jul 2025 07:06:32 +0000

你有沒有想過，為什麼我們有時用“was doing”，有時只用“did”？過去進行式(Past Continuous Tense)是一個重要的語法點，它用來描述過去某個時間點發生的動作。與 ELSA Speak 一起探索過去進行式用法，並區分它與其他時態。

過去進行式英文的概念 (Past Continuous Tense)

要回答什麼是過去進行式，我們可以參考以下定義。過去進行式(Past continuous)是過去式之一，通常用來描述和強調事件或動作的過程。它也顯示過去事件的持續性，並且不再持續到現在。

例子:

They were just talking about it before I arrived.
(在我到達之前他們正在談論這件事。)
At 9 am yesterday, I was calling my mom.
(昨天早上 9 點，我在打電話給媽媽。)
In 2002, I was working at T&T company.
(2002年，我在T&T公司工作。)

>>學習更多時態：

過去進行式句型 (Past Continuous Tense)

與其他時態類似，過去進行式也分為肯定、否定和疑問三種形式。

句型	結構
肯定句	S + was/were + V-ing
否定句	S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing
疑問句	Was/ Were + S + V-ing? Wh- + was/ were + S + V-ing?

例子:

She was planting trees in the forest at 4 p.m yesterday.

(昨天下午四點，她正在森林裡種樹。)

They weren’t working at a PC company in 1990.

(1990 年他們沒有在PC公司工作。)

Was she going to the market at 6 pm yesterday?

(她昨天下午 6 點要去市場嗎？)

What was he talking about?

(他在說什麼？)

>>先學這個：動詞三態是什麽? 動詞三態的區別和最準確的用法。

過去進行式用法 (Past Continuous Tense)

了解過去進行式使用時機，有助於更精準地描述過去某個時間正在發生的動作或情境。這種時態常用於以下 4 種情況：

	用法	範例
案例 1	描述過去特定時間發生的動作。	At 9 pm, my family was watching TV. (晚上九點鐘時，我們一家人在看電視。)
案例 2	描述過去同時發生的兩個或多個動作。	I was reading while he was listening to music.(我*在看書*的時候，他在聽音樂。)
案例 3	當一個動作正在進行時，另一個動作被打斷或插入。	When Jane came, I was cooking dinner. (當 Jane 來的時候，我*正在做*晚餐。)
案例 4	用不愉快的、抱怨的語氣描述過去重複的動作。	He was always forgetting his key when he went out.(他出門時總是忘記帶鑰匙。)

>>閲讀相關：AM PM 是什麽? AM PM 的寫法和區別

過去進行式的識別標志 (Past Continuous Tense)

特定時間副詞

副詞	例子	翻譯
in	In 2015, I was living in Taiwan.	2015年，我正在台灣。
at	She was studying Math at 9 pm last night.	昨晚 9 點她正在學習數學。

熟悉的時間短語

短語	例子	翻譯
at that time	I was watching TV at that time.	當時我正在看電視。
at this time	At this time yesterday, we were driving through the mountains.	昨天這個時候，我們正開車穿過山區。
in the past	In the past, people were writing letters instead of emails.	過去，人們寫信而不是發電子郵件。

在有 while/when 的結構中

連接詞	例子	翻譯
while	I was reading while he was listening to music.	我在看書的時候，他在聽音樂。
when	When she came, I was cooking dinner.	她來的時候，我正在做晚餐。

過去進行式的被動句 (Past Continuous Tense)

句型	結構
肯定句	– 主動: S + was/were + Ving + O – 被動: O + was/were + being + Ved/p2 (+by S)
否定句	– 主動: S + was/were + not + Ving + O – 被動: O + was/were + not + being + Ved/p2 (+by O).
疑問句	– 主動: Was/Were + S + Ving + O? – 被動: Was/Were + O + being + Ved/p2 (+by S)…?

例子:

They were painting the house.

→ The house was being painted (by them). (房子正在粉刷。）

She was not writing the report.

→ The report was not being written (by her). (報告尚未撰寫。)

Were they cleaning the classroom?

→ Was the classroom being cleaned (by them)? (教室被打掃了嗎？)

>>詳細内容：

過去進行式動詞加ing的規則 (Past Continuous Tense)

加ing的規則

規則	範例
規則	範例和翻譯
以 “e” 結尾的動詞 → 去掉 “e” + ing	live → living have → having
以 “ie”結尾的動詞 → 將 “ie”變成“y” + ing	tie → tying lie → lying
單音節動詞，以韻母 + 聲母結尾 → 雙寫聲母 + ing	run → running sit → sitting

不能以 V-ing 形式變位的動詞

動詞組	典型動詞
指感覺	hear, see, taste, smell, feel
指愛好	hate, like, wish, love, prefer
指狀態	seem, appear, sound, look, remain
指意識	understand, believe, know, remember, realize
指擁有	belong, contain, possess, own, have

區分過去進行式 (Past Continuous Tense) 與其他時態

過去進行式過去簡單式做比較

	過去簡單式	過去進行式
結構	+) S + V2/ed -) S + did not (didn’t) + V1 ?) Did + S + V1…?	+) S + was/were + V-ing -) S + was/were + not + V-ing ?) Was/Were + S + V-ing…?
用法	– 描述過去發生並結束的動作。 – 過去連續的動作。	– 描述過去某個時間點發生的動作。 – 被另一個動作打斷的動作。
識別標志	yesterday, last night, ago, in 2010, then,…	while, when, at that time, at 9 p.m. yesterday,…
例子	I watched a movie last night.(我昨晚看了一部電影。)	I was watching a movie at 9 p.m. last night.(昨晚九點我在看電影。)

現在進行式過去進行式未來進行式做比較

	現在進行式	過去進行式	未來進行式
結構	+) S + am/is/are + V-ing -) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing ?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?	+) S + was/were + V-ing -) S + was/were + not + V-ing ?) Was/Were + S + V-ing?	+) S + will be + V-ing -) S + will not (won’t) be + V-ing ?) Will + S + be + V-ing?
用法	– 描述說話時正在發生的動作 – 描述現在正在發生但尚未完成的動作	– 描述過去特定時間在發生的動作 – 描述被另一個動作打斷的動作	描述將來特定時間在發生的動作。
識別標志	now, right now, at the moment, look!, listen!…	at that time, at 9 p.m. yesterday, when, while…	at this time tomorrow, at 10 p.m. next Monday…
例子	I am studying English now.(我現在*正在學習*英語。)	I was studying English at 8 p.m. last night.(昨晚八點我在學英文。)	I will be studying English at this time tomorrow.(明天這個時候我會學英文。)

過去完成進行式過去進行式比較

	過去進行式	過去完成進行式
結構	+) S + was/were + V-ing -) S + was/were + not + V-ing ?) Was/Were + S + V-ing?	+) S + had been + V-ing -) S + had not been + V-ing ?) Had + S + been + V-ing?
用法	– 描述過去某個時間點在發生的動作 – 被另一個動作打斷的動作	強調在過去的另一個時間或動作之前持續的動作。
識別標志	while, when, at that time, at 9 p.m. yesterday…	before, until then, for (time), since, when + mệnh đề quá khứ đơn…
例子	I was cooking dinner when she came. (她來的時候我*正在做*晚餐。)	I had been cooking for an hour before she came.(她來之前我*已經做飯*一個小時了。)

過去進行式練習題 (Past Continuous Tense) 和答案

練習

題目 1: 將括號內的動詞換成正確的形式，完成下列句子。

At 8 a.m. yesterday, my brother (cook) __________ breakfast in the kitchen.
I (not/sleep) __________ when the storm hit the city.
__________ they (play) __________ football when you saw them?
A new road (build) __________ when we visited the village.
The homework (not/do) __________ by the students when the teacher arrived.
What __________ she (do) __________ at 10 p.m. last night?
While we (watch) __________ a movie, someone knocked on the door.
The floor (not/clean) __________ when the guests came in.
__________ the dishes (wash) __________ when you got home?
He (read) __________ a book quietly while his sister (study) __________ next to him.

題目 2: 選出正確的答案完成句子。

My mom and sister _____ playing badminton at 11 am yesterday.
A. are
B. was
C. were
_____ you still working at 9 pm last night?
A. Were
B. Are
C. Was
At 8 am today I _____ driving to school.
A. was
B. am
C. were
They _____ sleeping when the police came.
A. was
B. weren’t
C. won’t
Why _____ she having lunch at 4 pm?
A. was
B. does
C. were
Was she not _____ her homework?
A. doing
B. do
C. done
Snow _____ lightly. Suddenly a reindeer appeared.
A. fell
B. was falling
C. is falling
Somebody threw a shoe at her _____ she was speaking.
A. after
B. when
C. while
We ________ TV when she arrived.
A. were watching
B. were watched
C. watched
He was reading a detective story _____ he heard a noise.
A. during
B. while
C. when

答案

答案 1:

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	was cooking	was not sleeping	Were … playing	was being built	was not being done
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	was … doing	were watching	was not being cleaned	Were … being washed	was reading – was studying

答案 2:

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	C	A	A	B	A
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	A	B	C	A	C

掌握過去進行式（Past Continuous Tense）不僅能讓你更生動地講述過去的故事，還能避免與其他時態混淆。別忘了進入 ELSA Speak，探索更多實用易懂的英語文法主題！

The post 過去進行式（Past Continuous Tense）: 用法、結構、對比與例子 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

yet 用法：位置、意思、造句與簡單練習

魚丸 — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 04:17:37 +0000

Yet 用法非常多樣，且容易混淆。你是否已經知道 yet用法句尾、yet 用法位置，以及 “have yet to”、 “not yet” 或連接詞 “and yet” 的使用方式了嗎？一起來跟 ELSA Speak 探索最常見且正確的 yet 用法吧！

Yet 英文是什麼意思?

Yet 可以翻譯成中文為「還」、「迄今」、「至今」、「直到現在」、「仍然」、「然而」。

Yet是一個靈活的英文單詞，根據語境可作為副詞（adverb）或連接詞（conjunction）使用。它是現在完成時和帶有轉折語氣句中常見的重要單詞之一。

Yet連接詞

作為連接詞，“yet” 用來連接兩個對立的子句，具有轉折的語氣，意思與 but、 however 或 nevertheless 類似。

意思: 但是、然而、儘管如此
句中位置: 通常位於兩個子句之間，放在逗號之後或 “and” 之後

例句:

She was tired, yet she kept going. (她很疲倦，然而她還是繼續走下去。)
He is young, yet he is wise beyond his years. (他年紀很輕，但卻比同齡人更有智慧。)
So many questions and yet so few answers. (問題很多，但答案卻很少。)

Yet 副詞

作為副詞，“yet” 通常用於現在完成時的否定句或疑問句中，表示某事現在尚未發生，但說話者預期它將在未來某個時刻發生。

Nghĩa: 還沒、尚未
句中位置: 通常放在句尾

例句:

I haven’t finished my homework yet. (我還沒做完作業。)
Have you emailed our boss about the proposal yet? (你寄出給老闆的提案電郵了嗎？)

>>更多語法結構：

Yet現在完成式中用法

在現在完成式的否定句中

在現在完成式下, “Yet” 最常見的用法是放在句尾。

公式:

S + have/ has + not (haven’t/ hasn’t) + V3 + yet

Note: S = 主詞; V3 = 過去分詞 (Past Participle)

例句: They haven’t arrived yet. (他們還沒到。)

在現在完成時的疑問句中

在肯定句型的疑問句中，Yet 表示說話者正在期待某事會發生。

公式:

Have/ has + S + V3 + yet?

Note: S = 主詞; V3 = 過去分詞 (Past Participle)

例句:

Have you eaten lunch yet? (你吃午餐了嗎？)
Hasn’t he called back yet? (他還沒打回來嗎？)

Note: 當使用含有 Yet 的否定疑問句時，說話者預期答案是否定的。

>>閲讀更多：

含有 “be” 的 Yet 句子結構

片語 “be yet to”

用來強調某件預計將在未來發生的事情。

公式:

S + be yet to + V_inf

Note: S = 主詞; V_inf = 動詞原形

例句:

The festival is yet to take place. (節慶尚未舉行。)
She is yet to respond to our invitation. (她仍未回覆我們的邀請。)

最高級比較句之後

用來描述對某件尚未發生之事的驚訝或期待，直到目前為止都還沒發生。

公式:

S + to be (am/is/are) + the + superlative adjective + yet + present perfect

例句:

It’s the best movie I’ve seen yet I haven’t told anyone about it. (這是我看過最棒的電影，但我竟然還沒跟任何人提過。)
That was the most challenging test yet I haven’t received my grade. (那是目前為止最難的考試，但我還沒拿到成績。)

Yet 延伸結構

強調結構

Yet 也可用來加強語氣，意思接近 “even”，特別是在“more”, “another” và “again” 前面。

例句:

I have been washing the dishes, and yet more dirty ones keep piling up. (我剛洗完碗，結果髒碗又堆了一堆。)
The cost of electricity increased yet again. (電價又一次上漲了。)

搭配情態動詞

Yet 可與情態動詞如 “may”, “could”, “might” 一起使用… 表示某事儘管當下情況不利，但未來仍有可能發生。

例句: You may win yet. (你未來可能會贏得比賽。.)

片語 “have yet to”

“Have yet to do” 是英文中的一個片語，意思是“尚未做”或“還沒完成”。這個片語用來表示一個行動或任務截至目前為止仍未完成，但可能會在不久的將來完成。

公式:

+) S + have/ has yet to + V_inf
–) S + have/ has not yet to + V_inf
?) Have/Has + S + yet to + V_inf

Note: S = 主詞; V_inf = 動詞原形

例句:

Lisa has yet to read the book required for the class. (Lisa 尚未閱讀課堂上指定的那本書。)
She has not yet called me. (她還沒打電話給我。)
Have they yet to announce the winner? (他們還沒宣布贏家，對吧？)

Yet 與 Still 區別

	Yet	Still
相同點	– 都是副詞 – 都與時間有關 – 都表示動作尚未完成
不同點	– 用於否定句、疑問句 – 通常放在句尾 – 表示”尚未”，含有某事將要發生的期待含義	– 用於肯定句（有時用於否定） – 通常放在主要動詞前 – 表示”仍然”，強調持續性
例句	– I haven’t eaten yet. (我還沒吃。) – Has she finished her work yet? (她完成工作了嗎？) – He hasn’t called me yet. (他還沒打電話給我。)	– I still haven’t eaten. (我仍然沒吃。) – She still works there. (她仍然在那裡工作。) – I still remember that day. (我仍然記得那一天。)

Yet 搭配的單詞/片語

片語	意思	例句
Not just yet	還沒到時候、不久之後	I’m not ready to leave just yet. (我現在還沒準備好離開。)
Yet to come	尚未到來、仍在未來	The best is yet to come. (最美好的事還在前方。)
As yet	到目前為止	As yet, no one has claimed responsibility. (到現在為止，還沒有人承擔責任。)
Not out of the woods yet	還未脫離困境，仍處於風險中	He’s recovering, but he’s not out of the woods yet. (他正在康復，但仍未完全脫離危險。)
So near (and) yet so far	近在咫尺卻錯失，表達遺憾	Victory was so near and yet so far. (勝利近在眼前卻又失之交臂。)
Better yet	或者更好的是	Call me tomorrow, or better yet, email me. (明天打給我，或者更好的是發封郵件。)

>>閲讀更多：

英文中使用 Yet 常見的錯誤

語序錯誤

將 Yet 放在不合適的位置會導致句子難以理解。

例子:

錯誤: Yet the bank hasn’t approved my loan application.
正確: The bank hasn’t yet approved my loan application. (銀行尚未確認我的貸款申請。)

文法錯誤

學習者應該仔細檢查句子的語法，確保時態（現在或過去）使用正確，從而避免語法錯誤或句構不當。

例子:

錯誤: The students have yet understood the lesson.
正確: The students have yet to understand the lesson. (學生們還沒理解這課內容。)

濫用 Yet

在一段文字中使用 Yet 過多，會讓句子顯得冗長、單調，且產生重複用詞的問題。

例子:

錯誤: I haven’t yet completed the assignment yet, and I still have yet to research the topic.
正確: I haven’t completed the assignment yet, and I still need to research the topic. (我還沒做完作業，還得準備報告。)

Yet 用法練習

練習題

練習 1: 請將下列句子排列成正確順序

arrived/ your/ has/ yet/ letter

→ ____________________?

and/ humble/ she’s/ yet/ so/ she’s/ famous

→ ______________________.

yet/ he/ take/ medicine/ to/ his/ is

→ _______________________.

food/ she/ tasted/ yet/ has/ not/ the

→ _______________________.

stopped/ yet/ my/ working/ phone’s/ again

→ _______________________!

練習 2: 選出最正確的答案

He’s done it yet ___! (is/again/together)
Zoey has bought yet ___ bouquet for herself. (another/is/are)
We ___ yet win another match! (may/again/another)
Both of us ___ yet end up getting lost again. (are/be/could)
Wall Rose ___ yet triumph again! (shall/be/is)

答案

練習 1:

Has your letter arrived yet?
She’s famous and yet she’s so humble.
He is yet to take his medicine.
She has not tasted the food yet.
My phone’s stopped working yet again!

練習 2:

題號	1	2	3	4	5
答案	again	another	may	could	shall

Yet 用法非常多樣，不僅有多種 yet用法位置，還包括像 have not yet、better yet 或 though yet 等進階結構。每種用法都帶有不同的語氣與意涵，有助於更準確地表達想法。別忘了繼續關注 ELSA Speak 上的其他英語文法主題，每天進步一點，提升語言能力！

The post yet 用法：位置、意思、造句與簡單練習 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

冠詞 a、an、the 是什麼？初學者如何輕鬆地掌握冠詞用法？

魚丸 — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 09:34:46 +0000

在學習英文時，冠詞是一個基本的語法部分，但常常讓學習者感到困惑。你是否曾經自問什麼時候用an？或在一句話中不知道the a 用法？ELSA Speak 將幫助你清楚了解冠詞是什麼、冠詞有哪些，以及準確且容易記住 a、an、the 冠詞用法。

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Key takeaways:
冠詞英文是指用在名詞前的詞語，包括: a, an, the
“A/An” – 用於單數可數名詞，當提到的是尚未確定或首次提及的事物。
+ “A” 子音開頭的詞前
+ “An” 母音開頭的詞前
“The” – 可用於可數名詞與不可數名詞，當提到的是已知的、之前提過的，或是唯一的人或事物。
—— 不使用冠詞的情況是複數或不可數名詞而所談內容是泛指（不特定）時。

冠詞英文是什麼 ?

冠詞英文（Article）是出現在名詞之前的詞，用來讓讀者辨別這個名詞是「特定的」還是「不特定的」。實際上，冠詞並不被視為一種獨立詞性，而更常被當作形容詞的一部分，用來修飾名詞。

冠詞英文可分為兩大類:

定冠詞 (definite article) – “The”
不定冠詞 (Indefinite article) – “a, an”

舉例:

I see a dog. The dog is running across the road very fast. (我看到一隻狗。那隻狗正快速地穿過馬路。)
Please give me the pen on the table. (請把桌上的那支筆給我。)

>>閲讀相關：所有關於八種英文詞性：用法、例子及在句子中的位置

冠詞有哪些?

不定冠詞英文 – Indefinite article

英文中有兩個不定冠詞 a 和 an:

“a” 用於以子音音素開頭的單數可數名詞。

例子: a table (一張桌子), a book (一本書)

“an” 用於以母音音素(e, u, i, o, a) 或無聲 “h” 開頭的單數可數名詞.

例子: an hour (一小時), an apple (一顆蘋果)

定冠詞英文 – Definite article

定冠詞是什麼? 在英文中常用的定冠詞是the。The用於特定的事物（說話者與聽話者都知道的對象）。“the” 可用於單數可數名詞，也可用於複數不可數名詞。

例子:

The man talking to Jane is my boyfriend. (正在和 Jane 說話的那個男人是我男朋友。).
Yesterday, I saw an accident here. The accident left one person injured and the motorcycle severely damaged. (昨天，我在這裡看到了一場車禍。那場車禍導致一人受傷，摩托車也嚴重損壞。)

注意: 冠詞 “the” 用來指代明確知道的人或事物，而冠詞 “a” và “an’ 用於尚未明確或首次提及的對象。

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冠詞英文用法

冠詞在英文的口語與書面語中都非常常見。然而，要如何正確使用英文冠詞呢？一起跟著 ELSA Speak 來深入了解。

a an 用法

“a” 冠詞用法

	英文例句	翻譯
“A” 用在以母音字母開頭但發音為子音的字詞前 /juː/	– a uniform /ˈjuːnəfɔːm/ – a universal truth /juːnəˈvɜːsəl/	– 一套制服 – 一個普遍真理
“A” 用於表示速度、價格、比率、分數的慣用語中	– a one second (½) – 3 times a day – $2 a kilo	– 一秒 – 每天三次 – 每公斤兩元
“A” 用於數字或表示數量的片語中	– a one thousand – a couple – a lot	– 一千 – 一對 – 很多

什麼時候用 an?

冠詞 “an” 用於以母音 (u, e, a, i, o) 開頭的名詞. 或者某些雖以子音字母開頭但無聲發音(不發音).

例子: an egg, an apple, an hour, an MC

不使用 a, an 情況

除了上面介紹的“a”, “an” 冠詞使用方法外，你也需要注意以下幾種不使用不定冠詞:

	英文例句	翻譯
不使用 “a/an” 在複數名詞前	– An apple → Apples – An egg → Eggs	– 一顆蘋果 → 幾顆蘋果 – 一顆雞蛋 → 幾顆雞蛋
不使用 “a/an” 不可數或抽象名詞前	What I need now is confidence.	我現在需要的是信心。
不使用 “a/an” 餐名前 (除非有形容詞修飾)	I eat breakfast at 6 o’clock.	我早上六點吃早餐。

The 冠詞用法

The 冠詞英文用法

“the” 冠詞英文用法扮演著重要角色，用來明確指出說話者或作者所指的特定對象。冠詞 “the” 可搭配可數名詞與不可數名詞使用。當搭配不可數名詞冠詞時，”the” 用於表示已明確指出的某個特定數量、部分或面向。這有助於區分對某個概念的泛指陳述與對已知對象的具體說明。

名詞種類	什麼時候使用定冠詞？	範例
可數名詞	指整個特定的群體或類屬	The kangaroo is an animal that loves to hop.
	可數專有名詞	The moon rises above the horizon.
不可數名詞	特指的不可數名詞	We examined the water in streams.
	第1個名詞 + of + 第2個名詞	The edge of the horizon is the furthest visible distance.

使用 “the” 冠詞英文情況

使用情境	例句
物體或群體是唯一的	The sun, the earth, the world
名詞在前文已被提及	I see a dog. The dog is chasing a cat. The cat is chasing a mouse.
名詞由片語或關係子句修飾	The teacher that I met yesterday is my sister-in-law.
說話者與聽話者都清楚的特定事物	Please pass the jar of honey.
最高級或序數詞前: the best, the first, the only…	– You are the best in my life.- He is the tallest person in the world.
The + 單數名詞代表整個類群	The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.
the + 形容詞表示具有某特徵的一群人	The old, the poor, the rich
用於特定的地理，海域，河流，群島，山崖，複數國家，沙漠，地域名稱之前	The Pacific, the Nile, the Alps, the United States, the Sahara
當地點非作原始用途時	They went to the school to see their children.
The + 姓氏 (複數) 表示全家人	The Smiths, The Browns

不使用 “the” 冠詞情況

	英文例句	翻譯
在單一國家名稱、大洲、山名、湖名、街道名稱前（聯邦除外）	Europe, Asia, France, Wall Street, Sword Lake	歐洲、亞洲、法國、華爾街、還劍湖
當名詞為不可數名詞或泛指的複數名詞	– I like dogs. – Oranges are good for your health.	– 我喜歡這些狗。 – 橙子對你的健康有益。
在抽象名詞前（除非指特定情況）	– Men fear death. – The death of his father…	– 男人懼怕死亡。 – 他父親的死亡….
不加 “the” 在所有格形容詞或所有格名詞後	– My friend, (not my the friend ) – The man’s wife (not the wife of the man)	– 我的朋友 – 那個男人的妻子
在餐名或頭銜前	They invited friends to dinner.	他們邀請你共進晚餐。
泛指名詞：運動、季節、交通工具、方向／時間的片語等	– Come by car – In spring – From left to right	– 搭車 – 在春季 – 從左至右

>>閲讀更多：

此處持續更新折扣碼

不使用冠詞情況

此外，在使用冠詞時，您還需要注意以下幾種情況：

	英文例句	翻譯
談論某件普遍或抽象的事物時	I love watching fish.	我喜歡觀賞魚群。
當談到國家名稱時	China is a beautiful country.	中國是一個美麗的國家。
談論每日三餐時	Have you had breakfast?	你吃早餐了嗎？
談論不可數名詞時	Sugar is not good for obese people.	糖對肥胖者不好。
談論語言時	English is spoken in many countries.	英語在許多國家被使用。
談論城市或城鎮時	Paris is a romantic city.	巴黎是一座浪漫的城市。
談論具體山峰時	Mount Everest is the highest mountain.	珠穆朗瑪峰是最高的山。

區分 the 和 a/an 的用法

	A/An	The
類型	不定冠詞	定冠詞
意義	某個不特定的事物、尚未提及過的	已知的、之前提到過的事物
使用時機	第一次提及	已經提及過 / 誰都知道
搭配名詞	單數可數名詞	可數名詞或不可數名詞皆可
例子	I saw a cat.	The cat ran away.
注意事項	A + 子音開頭, An + 母音開頭	適用於所有發音開頭

免費水平測試

冠詞練習題與解答

練習題

冠詞練習題 1: 在空格中填入適當的 a an the

My best friend is studying in ………… university in Taipei.
My mother speaks ………… Chinese.
She borrowed ………… pen from your pile of pencils and pens.
John likes to play …………baseball.
My brother bought ………… umbrella to go out in the rain.
She lived on ………… Main Street when she first came to town.
Taipei is the capital of ………… Taiwan.
My husband’s family speaks ………… English.
………… apple a day keeps your enemy away.
My grandparents have ………… cat and ………… dog.

冠詞練習題 2: 選出正確答案

My brother is making …….. cake for his birthday.
A. a
B. an
C. the
She tasted …….. birthday cake her father had made.
A. a
B. an
C. the
The children have …….. new teacher called Mr. Linh.
A. a
B. an
C. the
All pupils must obey …….. rules.
A. a
B. an
C. the
My mother turned on …….. radio to listen to …….. news.
(選兩次: 對應“radio” 和 “news”)
A. a
B. an
C. the
Thu is in the USA studying for …….. MBA.
A. a
B. an
C. the
The teacher read …….. interesting article from the newspaper.
A. a
B. an
C. the
There was …….. huge crowd of people outside the church.
A. a
B. an
C. the
My friend talked for …….. hour about his school project.
A. a
B. an
C. the
…….. European expert was invited to speak to the committee.
A. a
B. an
C. the

解答

練習 1:

題號	1	2	3	4	5
答案	a	no article	a	no article	an
題號	6	7	8	9	10
答案	no article	no article	no article	an	a / a

練習 2:

題號	1	2	3	4	5
答案	A	C	A	C	C
題號	6	7	8	9	10
答案	B	B	A	B	A

>>提升語法禮包：

掌握好冠詞英文，是你學好外語的重要基礎。請經常練習，並牢記本篇中分享的冠詞用法，避免常見的語法錯誤。別忘了常回 ELSA Speak 官方網站探索更多實用的英語文法主題，幫助你學得更正確、發音更準確，每一天都更有自信！

The post 冠詞 a、an、the 是什麼？初學者如何輕鬆地掌握冠詞用法？ appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.

Have been 用法：完整公式、例句與用法區別

魚丸 — Fri, 30 May 2025 04:07:21 +0000

Have been 是完成時與被動語態中的一個重要語法結構。ELSA Speak 將幫助你清楚理解 have been 的用法、have been 的含義，以及和 have been 搭配的助動詞。你也將能夠輕鬆區分 have pp 和 have been pp 的不同。

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Have been 結構是什麼?

Have been意思: “Have been” 是屬於現在完成式、現在完成進行式及被動語態的結構。它依照語境可以有多種含義：表達已經發生並持續到現在的狀態, 持續到現在的動作, 或已經被完成的動句中. 根據主詞不同，動詞的變化也會不同, Have been 通常與複數主詞搭配: I, we, you, they,… 因此，在句中需要注意has been have been用法的差別。

例句:

句型	例句	翻譯
肯定	I have been a teacher for 5 years.	我已經當了五年的老師。
否定	I have not been a teacher for long.	我當老師的時間不長。
疑問	Have you been a teacher for long?	你當老師很久了嗎？

>>閲讀更多：

Have been 在主動語態中的用法

Have been 現在式的用法

用法	現在完成式	現在完成進行式
公式	S + have/has + been + O (danh từ/tính từ/trạng từ)	S + have/has + been + V-ing
用法	主詞為複數時使用 have been (I, we, you, they…)	主詞為單數時使用 has been (he, she, it…)
含義	表示某個狀態或角色從過去開始並持續到現在。	表示某個動作從過去開始，目前仍在進行，甚至可能延續到未來。
例句	– I have been a teacher for 5 years. (我已經當老師五年了。) – She has been a member of this club since 2018. (她從 2018 年就是這個俱樂部的成員。)	– I have been waiting for my boyfriend for an hour, but he’s still in a meeting. (我已經等男朋友一個小時了，他還在開會。) – She has been waiting for a week for her boss to approve her leave request. (她這整週都在等老闆批准她的請假申請。)

此處持續更新折扣碼

Have been 未來式的用法

用法	未來完成式	未來完成進行式
公式	S + will have been + O (名詞／形容詞)	S + will have been + V-ing
用法	所有主詞一律搭配	will have been (I, he, she, it, we, you, they…)
含義	表示在未來某一時間點，某人會達到的狀態或角色。	表示一個動作從過去開始，並將持續到未來某個時間點。
例句	– By next year, I will have been a doctor for 10 years. (到明年，我將成為醫生滿十年。) – They will have been married for 30 years by the time their children graduate. (等孩子們畢業時，他們已經結婚三十年了。)	– By December, I will have been working here for 5 years. (到十二月，我就在這裡工作五年了。) – She will have been studying English for 8 years by the time she takes the exam. (等她考試時，她已經學了八年英文了。)

Have been 過去式的用法

這裡的 “Have been” 指的是過去時的 “Had been”, 使用 Had been 時我們不需要根據主詞的單複數來變化動詞. 一起透過 ELSA Speak 來了解 had been have been用法上的區別吧！

用法	過去完成式	過去完成進行式
公式	S + had been + O (名詞／形容詞)	S + had been + V-ing
用法	所有主詞一律搭配	had been (I, he, she, it, we, you, they…)
含義	表示某個狀態或角色在過去某個時間點或另一動作之前已經開始並結束。	表示某個動作從過去某時開始，持續直到另一個過去時間點或動作發生；強調過程和持續性。
例句	– I had been a teacher before I moved to Hanoi. (在搬到河內之前，我曾是一名老師。) – She had been a club member for 3 years before she left. (她在離開之前，曾是這個俱樂部的成員三年了。)	– I had been working for the company for 5 years before I resigned. (我在辭職前，已在那家公司工作了五年。) – They had been studying English for months before the test. (他們在考試前學了好幾個月的英文。)

英語福星，入股不虧！

Have been 被動語態中的用法

“Have been” 現在式被動語態

用法	現在完成式（被動語態）	現在完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + have/has been + V3 (past participle)	S + have/has been being + V3
用法	複數主詞使用 have (I, we, you, they…)單數主詞使用 has (he, she, it…)	同樣: have/has 依主詞而定
含義	強調某個動作的結果已由他人完成，不需要關注執行者是誰。	強調從過去延續到現在的受動過程。但因句型較長和複雜，日常會話使用較少。
例句	– These books have been penned by a well-known German author. (這些書是由一位著名的德國作家寫的。) – This essay has been researched by me for 2 years. (這篇論文是我研究了兩年所完成的。)	– My company has been being renovated for the past year. (我們公司在過去一年裡已經被翻修過了。) – Many northern routes have been being repaired due to landslides. (因為山崩，北方的許多道路已經被修復了。)

“Have been” 未來式被動語態

用法	未來完成式（被動語態）	未來完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + will have been + V3 (past participle)	S + will have been being + V3 （罕用）
用法	所有主詞一律搭配 will have been (I, you, he, she, it, we, they…)	同理: 所有主詞一律搭配 will have been being (語法上)
含義	表示某個動作將由某個執行者在未來某個時間點完成。	– 強調受動過程將持續至未來某個時間點。 – 使用非常罕見，通常僅見於學術性書面語。
例句	– The new bridge will have been completed by 2026. (這座新橋將於 2026 年前完工。) – All orders will have been processed before the sale ends. (T所有訂單將於折扣活動結束前處理完成。)	The machines will have been being maintained regularly by the end of the year. (機器將持續維修至年底。)

“Have been” 過去式的被動語態

用法	過去完成式（被動語態）	過去完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + had been + V3 (past participle)	S + had been being + V3 (罕用)
用法	所有主詞一律搭配 had been (I, you, he, she, it, we, they…)	同理: 所有主詞一律搭配 had been being (語法上)
含義	強調某個動作已在過去某時間點前完成。	– 強調受動過程在另一個過去時間點或動作前持續進行。– 非常罕用，主要出現在學術性書面語。
例句	– The documents had been signed before the meeting started. (文件在會議開始前已簽署。) – Her house had been cleaned before she came home. (她的房子在她回來前已被清理乾淨。)	– The road had been being repaired for months before the flood came. (洪水來臨前，道路已修復多個月。) – The project had been being discussed long before it was approved. (該計劃在通過前已被長時間討論。)

免費水平測試

Have been 搭配的助動詞

“Have been” 通常與助動詞如 would, could, should, must, may, might… 等搭配使用, 用來表示推測、可能性、義務或對過去的假設情境。以下是一些常見句型，包含其用法說明及例句。

句型	語意	公式	例句 + 翻譯
Would have been	表示若其他條件成立，某事本可以在過去發生	S + would have been + N/Adj	I would have been happier if you had come.(如果你來了，我本*可以更開心*。)
Could have been	表示在過去某事有可能發生，但實際上沒有	S + could have been + N/Adj	He could have been a star.(他*本來可能成為*一位明星。)
Should have been	表示某事本應該發生，但卻沒有發生	S + should have been + N/Adj	You should have been more polite.(你*本應該*更有禮貌。)
Must have been	表示對過去某事會發生的肯定推測	S + must have been + N/Adj	It must have been a mistake.(那肯定是一個錯誤。)
May have been	表示對過去發生事情的不確定推測	S + may have been + N/Adj	She may have been at school.(她可能在學校。)
Might have been	表示比“may have been”更不確定的可能性	S + might have been + N/Adj	They might have been late.(他們*可能遲到*了。)
There have been	表示某事物存在或狀況持續至今	There have been + N (số nhiều)	There have been many changes.(已經有很多變化了。)
To have been	在完成不定詞結構中，”to be” 的完成式形式。	to have been + N/Adj	He claims to have been a soldier.(他聲稱自己曾是士兵。)

區分 Have been 和 Have gone 用法差異

在英文, Have been 與 Have gone 的用法經常被混淆使用。

項目	Have been	Have gone
結構	S + have/has + been + to + 地點	S + have/has + gone + to + 地點
意思	曾經去過某地方且已回來	已經去某地方但尚未回來
使用情境	強調過去的經歷	強調正在進行中的行動
現在的狀態	主體已經從該地方返回	主體目前仍在該地方
例句	– I have been to Germany. (我曾去過德國，現在已經回來了。) – We have been to the new restaurant. (我們曾經去過那家新餐廳。)	– Anna has gone to the concert. (Anna 已經去音樂會了，還沒回來。) – Bella has gone to the bar. (Bella已經去酒吧了。)

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Have been 用法練習題附答案

為了更清楚理解 Have been 的用法，請試做以下練習，並在文章結尾對照解答確認答案是否正確！

練習題

練習 1: 將括號中的動詞變化為正確時態

I ______ (study) English for two hours.
My manager ______ (work) on the project all morning.
My grandparents ______ (be) to Paris city before.
They ______ (live) in that house since they got married.
John ______ (practice) the piano diligently to prepare for the recital.

練習 2: 將下列句子改為被動語態

The sous chef has cooked a delicious meal.
They have built a new zoo in the town.
The gardener has been planting an arbor in the garden.
The firm has been developing a new product for months.
Anna has been teaching Dutch to the children all morning.

答案

練習 1:

練習題	1	2	3	4	5
答案	have been studying	has been working	have been	have been living	has been practicing

練習 2:

A delicious meal has been cooked by the sous chef.
A new zoo has been built in the town.
An arbor has been being planted in the garden by the gardener.
A new product has been being developed by the firm for months.
Dutch has been being taught to the children by Anna all morning.

常見問題

have been後面加什麼?

主動: 接形容詞或名詞 → She has been tired.
進行式: 接 V-ing → I have been working.
被動: 接 V3 (過去分詞) → The documents have been sent.

Have pp have been pp差别在哪兒?

結構	意思	例句
Have + P.P	主動: 某人已經做了某事	I have written a letter.(我已經寫了一封信。)
Have been + P.P	被動: 某事已經被做了	The letter has been written.(這封信已經被寫好了。)

當你掌握了句型結構並進行正確的練習後，have been 用法將會變得更加容易理解。希望 ELSA Speak 已幫助你區分 have pp have been pp 差别，以及如何與助動詞搭配使用。還有更多有關英語文法的實用內容等你來探索，立即開始深入了解吧！

The post Have been 用法：完整公式、例句與用法區別 appeared first on ELSA Speak Taiwan.